Sonnys Blues by James Baldwin Essay example -- Sonnys Blues James Ba

Sonnys Blues by James BaldwinA captivating tale of a relationship between two troubling brothers in Harlem, Sonnys Blues is told from the perception of Sonnys brother, whose name is never work forcetioned. Baldwins choice of Sonnys brother as a narrator is what makes Sonnys Blues significant in terms of illustrating the relationship and excited complications of Sonny and his brother. The significance of Sonnys Blues lies in the way Sonnys brother describes their relationship based on what he observes, hears, and feels, and how he struggles trying to understand Sonny done the course of the story. This is a story of how two African Americans brothers take their own path through manner as they struggle to find meaning in their lives. Sonnys brother point of view is shared in this story as he fee ls responsible to keep his brother safe. The brother learns to listen throughout this story to better understand Sonnys life. This story is primarily about Sonnys brothers life, how he struggled in his life and how he is now watching his younger brother Sonny go through the same situation. He worries about Sonnys life that Sonny might not be able to escape the turmoil that life brings especially organism a musician with no ties to family and job security. Sonnys brother sees Sonny trying to become a jazz musician, he watches and listens as Sonny goes through some difficulties in life. He doesnt want Sonny to be a jazz musician, because there is no future in this. At the end of the story, Sonnys brother attends the golf-club to watch... ...Blues illustrated how life was growing up in an African American family during 1930 1960s. Black Americans struggled to make their imprint on society. The life of the amazing blind musician putz Charles comes to my mind as I struggle to u nderstand how the African American culture learned to survive during this time. Sonny and Ray Charles had many of the same life experiences, in particular relying on drugs to forget their past and living in a society where the black man struggled to make a living. Both men used their music of rhythm and blues to gain respect from family and friends. In particular they learned to use music to survive in times of racism, segregation and poverty.

Democrats and Republicans View Points Essays -- Politics

Since the beginning of their inception the Republican and Democrats have had a great divide on their perceptions of what is best for this great nation of ours. Republicans and democrats are distinct in several ways above all in their ideas, politics and world views. Republicans seem to be known as conventional or cautious and they seem to emb guide economic equity beyond any other thing. Whereas a Democrat seems to be more open minded and they stand for government supported programs. The purpose of the paper is to analyze, compare and contrast the two parties positions on the issues of same sex marriage, race based affirmative action and illegal immigration. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia Affirmative action means constructive periods reserved to rise the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and furrow from which they have been historically excluded. Fletcher (1996) stated Affirmative Action was spiraling unpleasant as Republican s in Congress and state legislatures across the country criticized the issue. the States gives the impression to be held up with fair-mindedness as equality which increases questions in the minds of many who are not acquainted with the unique purpose of Affirmative Action. This depart always be an ongoing problem throughout history but has come a long ways from the early nineteen hundreds. Racial favoritism is noticed more in schools and in the workplace. Springer (2003) reported that the New York Times surveyed a few thousand respondents and found that eighty percent of sour respondents believed in affirmative action. Republicans are said to have old-fashioned american main beliefs. They trust that people who are skilled for a profession should g... ... 4 (Dec , 2003), pp. 289-311 Published by Springer Articles unchanging URL http// www.jstor.org/stable/3657306 Margaret E. Dorsey and Miquel Diaz- Barriga Senator Barack Obama Immigration Reform Journals of Black Studies, Volum e 38, NO. 1, The Barack Obama Phenomenon (Sep., 2007). Pp. 90-104 Published by Sage Publications, INC.Articles Stable URL http// www. Jstor. Org/stable/40034404Stoyan Zaimov Same Sex Marriage stirring Battle for the Heart and Soul of the GOP, Observers Say The Christian Post (Jan. 2012)Michael A. Fletcher Washington Post staff Writer (Sept 18, 1996) pg. A12http//www.foxnews.com/politics/2011/11/10/democrats-push-to-repeal-defense-marriage-act/http//prospect.org/article/democrats-gay-marriage-problem-0http//www.gop.com/2008Platform/Values.htmhttp//plato.stanford.edu/entries/affirmative-action/ (Apr 1, 2009)

A Sense of Place in Austens Pride and Prejudice Essay -- Pride and Pr

A Sense of Place in Austens Pride and PrejudiceIt is interesting to observe Dictionary.coms definition of the wordplace in relation to individual. Especially when it comes to Pride andPrejudice, where Austen has made great use of the objective related to technique, in which many, if not all, of her settingsconsiderably reflect the characteristics of their owners. Sheadditionally employs several other techniques regarding the smack ofplace in her novel, which ar important not only in the facilitationof numerous plot points, notwithstanding also in establishing and understandingher characters and their relationships. So what are these techniques,and why are they so effective? To find the answers to such questions,we should play closely at Austens methods of incorporating a sense ofplace into her novel.The technique of objective correlative is often used in establishingthe qualities of a character by having them reflected in thatcharacters surroundings. These can be material object s, belongings,or in Austens case, locations. If we expunge a look at the setting ofRosings, we see that it is described as ostentatious, overwhelming,and, in comparison to Pemberley, the other grand country estate,rather garishFrom the entrance hall, of which Mr. Collins pointed away, with arapturous air, the fine proportion and finished ornaments, theyfollowed the servants.... In spite of having been at St. Jamess, SirWilliam was so completely awed by the grandeur surrounding him, thathe had but just courage enough to make a very low bow, and take hisseat without saying a word and his daughter, frightened almost out ofher senses, sat on the edge of her chair, not knowing which way tolook. (p. 121)S... ...m. Through usage of the objectivecorrelative, readers can gain a great deal of brainstorm into thecharacters themselves, and thus further enjoy the novel with anenhanced understanding of Austens creations. She also establishes asense of balance by having the more influential ev ents of the storytake place in the openness of the great outdoors, and those of lessimport occur within the boundaries of the inside. Additionally, Austenhas her characters travel to various parts of Great Britain, whichallows for correspondence in the lick of letters (serving tofacilitate the necessary delay of action) and for mistakes to be made.Austen has made great use of the sense of place in Pride andPrejudice, and her techniques coalesce to deepen the readersunderstanding, to employ a sense of balance, and to effectively enhancethe enjoyment of a delightful story.

The Purpose of the Federal Reserve System Essay -- The Fed and the Eco

Over the past few years we have realized the impact that the Federal Government has on our economy, yet we neer knew enough about the subject to understand why. While taking this Economics course it has brought so many things to our attention, especially since we see inflation, gas prices, unemployment and interest judge on the rise. It has given us a better understanding of the effect of the Government on the economy, the stock market, the interest rates, etc. Since the Federal Government has much(prenominal) a control over our Economy, we decided to tackle the subject of the Federal take System and try to get a better understanding of the history, the structure, and the pecuniary policy of the power that it holds. The Federal Re parcel out System is the central banking authority of the United States. It acts as a fiscal agent for the United States government and is keeper of the reserve accounts of commercial banks, makes loans to commercial banks, and is authorized to issue F ederal Reserve notes that constitute the entire supply of paper currency of the country. Created by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, it is comprised of 12 Federal Reserve banks, the Federal Open Market Committee, and the Federal Advisory Council, and since 1976, a Consumer Advisory Council which includes several thousand member banks. The gore of Governors of the Federal Reserve System determines the reserve requirements of the member banks within statutory limits, reviews and determines the discount rates established pursuant to the Federal Reserve Act to serve the public interest it is governed by a board of nine directors, six of whom are elected by the member banks and three of whom are appointed by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. The Federal Reserve banks are located in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, San Francisco, Cleveland, Richmond, Atlanta, Saint Louis, Minneapolis, Kansas City and Dallas. The Federal Open Market Committee, consisting of the sevener members of the Board of Governors and five members elected by the Federal Reserve banks, is responsible for the determination of Federal Reserve Bank policy in the purchase and exchange of securities on the open market. The Federal Advisory Council, whose role is purely advisory, consists of 12 members if they meet membership qualifications. The Federal Reserve System exercises its regulatory powers in seve... ...erve. We aroma that the latter is on the radical side of thinking, and that overall the Federal Reserve has the best interest of the nation and international economy in all their decisions regarding the increases in interest rates, etc. Since the onset of the Federal Reserve we have not gone into a major depression, and over a course of time on that point will be times when our economy will peak and boom and the Fed will feel that it is time to slow the economy by ski lift the rates. BibliographyFED 101 Hosted by The Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. http/ /www.kc.frb.org/fed101Friedman, Milton and Jacobson Schwartz, Anna. A Monetary biography of the United States, 1867-1960. Princeton, 1963Hailstones, Thomas and Rothwell, John. Managerial Economics, 1993. Prentice Hall, 1993Metzler, Allan H. A History of the Federal Reserve, Vol I and II. University Press Books, 2002National Information Center for the Federal Reserve System. http//www.ffiec.gov/nicRabboh, Bob and Bartson, Ronald J. Principles of Economics. Pearson, 2002The Federal Reserve Board. http//www.federalreserve.govThe Federal Reserve System Online. http//www.federalreserveonline.org

Global Marketing :: essays research papers

raw(a) and improved products are developed almost daily, they are launched in the marketplace in hopes that the product willing be accepted and purchased, the fate of any product is determined by consumers through their acceptance and purchase or rejection of the product. New product introductions are becoming more and more expensive and the product success rate is less than in previous years.The morsel of promotion methods to occupy from go off be overwhelming, and finding the best method which will allow the Palm Mercury to flourish in the market is a in truth gainsay step to overcome. PalmOne has developed a new product and we want to tell a large number of people about it very quickly. Mass merchandising is our intention. Several of the approaches that will allow PalmOne to determine the potential success of the Mercury is to initiate a small, cost effective mass selling campaign that can easily grow to a much larger campaign in the coming months. We can put together a sh ort campaign very cost effectively to quickly establish if this kind of promotion will work.One of the most effective approaches to take people on the go is to enunciate the product on the radio. Radio reaches tens of thousands of people each day while driving in their car, or listening at the beaches and the intended advertisements will reach our target listeners with our message. We will plan an advertisement campaign over a single week or multiple weeks in order maximize the impact. Advertisements will be run several ways through the radio stations. Radio stations love prizes and free products. PalmOne can provide a small number of the Palm Mercurys for give-a-aways and contests. Contests have a high audience participation and retention rate giving PalmOne some much desired publicity. take the correct prize, the correct approach and the correct target audience will allow the Palm Mercury to receive desirable exposure for a nominal cost.

Global Marketing :: essays research papers

New and improved ingatherings are developed almost daily, they are launched in the marketplace in hopes that the product will be authoritative and purchased, the fate of any product is determined by consumers by dint of their acceptance and purchase or rejection of the product. New product introductions are becoming more and more expensive and the product success rate is less than in previous years.The number of promotion systems to choose from can be overwhelming, and finding the best method which will allow the Palm Mercury to flourish in the market is a very challenging step to overcome. PalmOne has developed a new product and we want to tell a large number of people about it very quickly. Mass selling is our intention. Several of the approaches that will allow PalmOne to determine the potential success of the Mercury is to initiate a small, cost effective mass selling cause that can easily grow to a much bigger campaign in the coming months. We can put together a short ca mpaign very cost effectively to quickly establish if this soma of promotion will work.One of the most effective approaches to r individually people on the go is to advertise the product on the radio. Radio reaches tens of thousands of people each day while driving in their car, or listening at the beaches and the intended advertisements will reach our physical object listeners with our message. We will plan an advertisement campaign over a single week or multiple weeks in order maximize the impact. Advertisements will be run several ways through the radio stations. Radio stations love prizes and free products. PalmOne can provide a small number of the Palm Mercurys for give-a-aways and contests. Contests have a high audience participation and retention rate giving PalmOne some much desired publicity. Picking the correct prize, the correct approach and the correct target audience will allow the Palm Mercury to receive desirable exposure for a minimal cost.

Going for the Look but Risking Discrimination Essay

In the golf-club we all(a) live in today, where outside beauty is emphasized more than than inner beauty, dividing linees have realized how to utilize that view to their own benefit They have looked at trends and realized that it is profitable to hire those with outer beauty. However, since authorized businesses ar only hiring certain ethnicities in order to project that image, it has been questioned whether these businesses are penetrative. In the article, Going for the Look, nevertheless Risking Discrimination, it says that hiring attractive people is non necessarily illegal, but discriminating on the basis of age, sex, and ethnicity is.The companies cannot help it that only certain types of people fit their marketing image and their hiring strategies are not exactly discrimination because they have vigour else against other people except that they arent selling material. Although it might be seen as discrimination in only hiring certain types of peoples, I agree with Coh en that it is a smart move to hire based on image because if is an effective marketing strategy. Image plays an important role in determining how much certain harvest-festivals can be sold.The differences in the prices of the clothes sold in for pillowcase, Walmart, and those of Nordstrom or Neiman Marcus is due to image. When you walk into places that look chinchy and wear the clothes there, you do not feel all that glamorous. However, in designer stores, where all the models are what we call chic and all the products are in a fancy arrangement, everyone feels compelled to buy the product so that they can look like a million bucks.Also, chic models are featured in designer magazines such as Bazaar that go along the impression to readers that if they have these certain items they can also be beautiful Because of this, Gucci,Louis Vuitton, and other brand items that are considered designer items can be sold at the price of thousands of dollars. This is beneficial for businesses b ecause they can make a lot of money from items that do not take much to produce and also come from cheap labor probably. No one buys those bags because they are of particular good quality but just because the brand name tells others that you are in and that you are perhaps rich.Looks are attractive to the eyes that is human nature since it is the strongest sense and will not likely be subject to change. The first impression that someone of all time gets from another person is fbased on the way they look. Everyone basically has the same view on what is pretty and what is not and that view influences their decisions on what to buy. In a society where most people care about what they look like, it is essential for companies to portray an image that is attractive and makes the person want to look that certain way. Abercrombie and Fitch is an example of a store that excels at doing this.They hire buff guys and attractive white girls to portray a preppy, American style to be models and s ellers. They also attract customers by appealing to another important human sense, smell they spray the store with an intriguing perfume. When girls see good looking guys, they would want to walk into the store to suit them out and the same for guys toward girls. This gives them an opportunity to also look at the clothes at the same time. This leads to increases in sales that generate profit and future profit. For the future profit, I mean that if many people go to a certain store, it would soon turn into a trend.Those that shop at the store would influence their friends to do so too. In some cases, businesses have to hire for image. If they do not do so, things become awkward and may not reflect a businesss culture. Since the United States is a diverse country with many ethnicities, this situation applies directly to this nation. Throuhout ths country, there are many restaurants that are designated to sell certain types of fare such as Japanese, Chinese, Mexican, and many others . There are also areas that are designated to certain cultures such as Chinatown and Japantown.When customers walk in to those restaurants or areas, they immediately regard that they should see people of a certain ethnicity working there. Also, the setup of the table and other decorations also seeks to portray a heathen image that influenced peoples views. Ths might seem stereotypical, but it has its practcalities. This cultural image gives the consumer an impression that the food made or the products sold are authentic, which is the whole reason that they visit those cultural places in the first place, which is to get a taste of other cultures. Cohen is correct in that hiring for image is essential for good business.It must be effective since all businesses pursue to do so. Hiring for image leads to the increased prices of product, increased sales of products, and can give the impression of authenticity which eventually leads to what businesses want, profit. It also is an importa nt aspect in attracting the teenager group which is a large portion of consumers Teens are well known for wanting to have a good image due to mates pressure and to be popular at school. The claim that businesses are discriminating are unreasonable they may only be hiring certain types of people , but that is uncontrollable in pursuing to satisfy their customers wants and needs.They are only trying to do what they think will generate the most profit. If most people acquire themselves, they would rather choose a place with good looking people than without. However, although it is beneficial for companies, the question of whether is it moral is another question. Is it right to not give others a chance just because they are not attractive even if they have more experience? Thats a very deep question that I think is very debatable.

Heart: Definition and Life Essay

What is your explanation of achievement? Before you can achieve winner, you need to destine what victory corresponds to you. Unless you slang a clear vision of what advantage is to you, you cannot work towards it. Success style different things to different people. For some, monetary reward is a measure of success. Yet new(prenominal)s devote five-fold translation of success.1. The Different AreasThey measure it across a few argonas. It can be career, health, spiritual, emotional, time or financial. As an example, one can be favored in ones career but not emotionally. Of course, this list isnt exhaustive so you can add areas that are applicable to you.To find your declare definition of success you need to dig deep within yourself and enquire your ranges in biography. What are your strengths andweaknesses? What are the things that are serious to you? By answering these questions you can so come closer to your own definition of success. Be aware that this can be a long process. You whitethorn not contribute the answers so quickly. But it is alright. Define your measure of success, one at a time. Lets take your career as an example. What would your definition of success be for your career? To make the managerial level by a specified time? Then dig deep to see what are your own strengths and weaknesses. Which would help you achieve it. Which of your weakness is a barrier, and does it go against your values? For me, I value time with my family. However, my work requires me to work late nights and long hours. I will need to adjust my own definition of success. Which would take priority?2. It Is A JourneyWhen defining your success, remember this valuable thing. Success is a journey. It has multiple peaks and not one ultimate pinnacle. One success builds on an early(a). Setbacks and mistake will also help you build success. At different periods of your lifetime, success is delimit differently. In our career, at a more junior level, your success can be defined by exceeding your job requirements or scoreting a promotion. Or success can be defined in a few respects. They can be1. Your relationship with your boss2. Your relationship with your peers3. Your dealing with new(prenominal) departments and4. Your learning curve.You may add other areas as you move up the corporate ladder. One of my definitions of success in my career at this point is the occur of staff I mentor to higher levels within my persistence. When they achieve a certain level of skills and knowledge and are respected by clients, business partners and industry peers I have achieved some amount of success as far as my career is c formerlyrned.Therapists Spill My Definition of SuccessBy MARGARITA TARTAKOVSKY, M.S.In the fall, clinician Joyce Marter and her economise hosted their friends for a dinner party at their Chicago home. Among the couples all in their 40s with school-aged kids conversation turned to the adventures of parenting and the tricky stag e of adolescence. This sparked a dialogue about how they venture success. Marters knee-jerk reaction was to say that success excludes dicey circumstances such as driving under the influence or dropping out of school. Thankfully, I quickly regrouped from this position of fear-based and judgmental thinking and realized I do not truly believe any of those experiences or other life challenges humble somebody has failed or is not successful, she express. Hardships make us human and give us the opportunity to grow, she said. None of us is perfect or remains uninjured in life. Marters guests offered myriad definitions, everything from education to prosperity to resiliency to health to happiness. So what is success? What does being a success look like? Below, Marter and other clinicians spill their views on success.According to Marter, also owner of the counseling practice Urban Balance, success is authenticity and mindfulness. Success is to live life openly, authentically, and lovingly in a modal value that is aligned with the highest good of self and others. Furthermore, when one is mindfully rooted in the present moment and engaged in relationships and work that set up a loving growth of human consciousness, one is joyous and prosperous. And so, this is my wish for myself, my children and for all humankind. Christina G. Hibbert, Psy.D, a clinical psychologist and positioningpartummental health expert, summarized success in three spoken communication faith, love and joy. To be successful in my work means that I am able to touch others lives, to help them know they are not alone, and to pass around some bit of joy or wisdom that will leave them better than before. To be successful in my family means to love to listen, to say Im sorry when Im wrong, to encourage, uplift, and to endlessly strive to give the best of my time, talents, and gist.To be successful as a human being means to continually examine myself, my motives, and my works to connect spiritually , listen to what my Creator has in mind for me, and trust the process to be open to learning and improving, and willing to portion out myself and serve gladly. I guess overall, for me, success = faith, love, and joy (my three-word motto) striving to do and be my own(prenominal) best in work, family, and as a human being, human myself when Im not, picking myself back up, and diligently pressing forward again. For Deborah Serani, Psy.D, a clinical psychologist and author of the book Living with Depression, success lies in the everyday, in the journey from setting a goal to realizing it. For me, success is when I set a realistic goal, enjoy the journey as it unfolds and dwell in the transitory satisfaction when it all comes together.From cooking a new recipe, to learning a new yoga pose or taking a challenge that stretches my comfort zone, its the entire experience that offers me a sense of well-being. Success can be found in little things and big things. The key is to enjoy the ride once you set out on your material or existential destination. Ryan Howes, Ph.D, a clinical psychologist and author of the blog In Therapy, also prefers to focus on the flight, or else of the landing. I try ( rightfully, really try) to view life as a journey rather than a series of goals to be attained. I always feel less stressed and better able to focus on today when Im in that mindset. With that framework, I try to view success as something to which I aspire rather than a goal with a finish line. For me, success is achieving a healthy balance between the most important areas of my life.These include family and social relationships, occupational pursuits, hobbies, diet, exercise, rest, my spiritual life, and the continued pursuit of self-understanding. I dont think Ive achieved this balance in so far, as I only seem to maintain focus on one or two areas at a time. I may never find a way to keep all these plates spinning at once, but I will try for the rest of my life Jeffre y Sumber, M.A., a psychotherapist, author and teacher, described success as a triumph over trials and fear. Success is overcoming challenges internal and external that at one time felt impossible or overbearing but with difficult work and discipline I was able to rise above the fear or anxiety. For most people success is a shifting concept, which transforms over time. Its been for John Duffy, Ph.D, a clinical psychologist and author of the book The Available Parent Radical Optimism for Raising Teens and Tweens. Today, his view includes being of service to others and being satisfied with his life.My definition of success has shifted greatly over the years. I used to think I had to accomplish something that others deemed great in order to consider myself successful. Today, I find success in happiness, kindness, and helpfulness. I find success in loving, connected, available relationships, in my family and elsewhere in my life, including my relationship with myself. In order to feel f ully successful, I feel I need to continue to find new ways to reach out to others and give of myself. Finally, I dont think I could ever feel successful without a degree of happiness, contentment and humor. Success has many faces. The definition just depends on who you withdraw. And thats the magic of success You get to figure out what it looks like for you.Subject Mentoring tips on definition of successIn the next message to the electronic community I will ask participants how they define success for themselves. Here are examples of how this question was answered by a group of successful teens and adults with disabilities. These responses might provide some inspiration as you act with the teens in our community. To me, having a successful life is being able to do things independently for myself and not always have psyche there to do things for me. Its achieving my goals on my own terms and at my own pace. (high school student with a mobility impairment) Success is a relative te rm. If you achieve what you want to and are happy, then I think that is success. It could be applied to life in general or to individual tasks in life. (college student with a mobility impairment) My definition of success is achieving personal goals, whatever they may be. Some goals are considered small by some people and enormous by others.What matters is that they are personal each individual has his/her own formula for personal success. (college student who is deaf) I remember what my high school voice teacher told the class as we prepared for our senior solo. She said, Success comes in CANS, and failure comes in CANTS. (speech language pathologist who is blind) Succeeding is accomplishing my dreams. However slowly I am moving toward that, to some degree I am succeeding. (high school student who is blind) Even though you might not have obtained that set goal, you are successful if you tried your best. (college student with a brain injury) To me, success is being able to do whatev er it takes to lead a productive life. (young person who is blind) Success? Thats an easy one. BE HAPPY. (high school student with a learning disability)Whats Your Definition of Success?-Success is a tricky sucker to define, isnt it? Society as a whole tends to judge success by status and material wealth, but I think we both know thats utter bollocks. Ive worked with some fabulously wealthy yet unhappy people and you cannot ever really define an unhappy person as a successful one.My Definition Of SuccessIf asked me for my definition of success it would manifestly have been, somebody who is happy. As happiness is at the top of everybodys wish list, then by default it must define an instalment of success when an individual achieves it. Last workweek I was working through the core values process with client, Courtney Townley. One of the most crucial elements of a value elicitation is understanding what the client means by the words they give me. Too many values are open to interpret ation and may mean different things to different people.So to presume that just because I think success equals happiness that other people must think the same is unconditional and stupid, which isnt a good combination for a Life Coach. One of Courtneys values was unsurprisingly enough success. I asked her what she meant by the word and she was really struggling to come up with an answer. We did the values exercise anyway, but I asked her to think about what success meant to her and to e-mail me the answer so I could get a better understanding of what we were aiming for. Her response was awesome and makes my job very worthwhile. I immediately asked her if I could include it in a blog post and she graciously agreed.Courtneys Definition Of SuccessTim, You probably thought I forgot my homework assignment? I didnt. I chewed on the question all week what does success mean to me? I wrestled with the question a lot, found it intriguing and much more complex than I initially though it would be. First, I answered the question that success to me is living a balanced life full of happiness, but as I dug deeper I didnt like that answer so much for two reasons. 1. I do believe that happiness is ultimately a choice regardless of the situation. 2. Some of the most rewarding/successful experiences of my life happened at a time when my life was completely unbalanced. So I chewed and chewed some more. Finally I was able to digest this better I define success as listening to that subtle voice within, what I perceive to be my honor talking, and obeying by saying YES despite the sacrifice, hard work or difficulty that may result. I feel most successful when I honor my authenticity (which is probably why is it one of my top values).On the other hand, I feel most unsuccessful when I am a slave to someone elses agenda or working to build someone elses dream rather than my ownwhich is probably why I have been self-employed for the past 8 years. I feel most successful when I am honest about who I am (the good, the bad and the ugly).talented and powerful and at the same time fearful and imperfect, and charging forward without getting besides caught up in any one characteristic of myself, and without being too attached to the outcome of what I set out to do. I do it because my heart told me to do it, I dont do it because I am certain of where it will lead me, which is exhilarating and terrifying at the same time.You said to me last week that everyone has fear, but because some people have confronted their fear more often, it seems that it is more natural for them to move into action without getting paralyzed by the fear. That was a spacious Ah-Ha moment for me..success is making a HABIT out of acknowledging the fear and resistance, but moving forward despite it. Success is saying YES to my journey, YES to my lifes adventure, YES to my hearts song and knowing full well that does not mean it will always be comfortable, balanced, easy or anguish free, but I do kno w it will be RICH and REWARDING and SIGNIFICANT beyond measure for me. I know if it is all of those things for me, my truth will also touch others, which will build even more success To feel successful I know I need (based an my depicting of success) to dig both feet in deeply to my endeavors, be fully committed to my choices and finish what I start. Hope that gives you a little insight)CourtneyIs she kidding me? It gave me a huge amount of insight into what makes Courtney tick. Its one of the most important answers that you can figure out. Right now. How do you personally define success?For you.Take into account all of your current responsibilities, your strengths, your trials, your season of life and your dreams Whether it is defining your success as a parent or a business owner or anything in-between, I think we could avoid so much heartache, disappointment, sense of failure and the chronic epidemic of comparisons if we realistically answered this one question for ourselves.

How Are Youths’ Perceptions Contributing to Its Popularity?

Exploring the chief operating officer- stylus trend How atomic number 18 youths perceptions contributing to its popularity? Introduction Ensuring garments are produced in an environmentally friendly manner in regards to its materials, consumer benefits and the condition in which employees are working is the essence of what CEO- work is all about (Hudson, 2012). According to Hudson (2012), 2011 was the leading year fashion industries realized a prosperous opportunity and need for venturing into the businesses of CEO-friendly clothing.CEO- fashion has increased in popularity as a global trend and Anne Salvatore Epstein was he one that sight this belief in 2009, when she was pregnant. The reason for Epstein to embrace this concept was because of her desire to enhance the organic value in life for her fresh born. In order to pee an organic fashion trend, Epstein first collaboration partnership was with Marc Jacobs (Smith, 2006). Generation Y, the main lead grocery store for sustain capable fashion, enjoys the quick trends presented by fast fashion retailers (Martin Bush, 2000, as cited in Hill, 2011).However, the value of be friendlyly responsible and taking into consideration sustainability issues is mongo their concerns as well (Yang, 2003). According to a contemplate by a market research company, Marital, 47% of the participants from propagation Y put in that they are attracted to environmentally friendly services, products or nocks and are often more than harborable to pay tautologic when purchasing. The explanations behind the enthusiasm of the vast majority were due to reasons much(prenominal) as care about the environment, its the right thing to do or so that people know Im environmentally aware (Barcelona, 2007). A significant figure of 47% of Generation Y is willing to shop at a retailer more often if they were environmentally friendly, was the outcome of the adopt, hence describing their attitudes towards retailers that positioned themsel ves as environmentally aware (Barcelona, 2007). A result from another memorise also showed that a companys social and environmental commitments are factors to be considered by of Generation Y interviewed and 83% figure a company more treatable if it perpetrates the societal marketing concept (Kim, Change, lee Huh, 2011).The improved earth education that generation Y received in their early childhood consequently resulted in their heightened awareness and concern of becoming more environmentally conscious than previous generations (Meddlesome Polygons, 1995, as cited in Kim, Change, Lee Huh, 2011). Throughout their lives, Gene Y has faced detrimental issues regarding global climate change and ozone depletion. As a result, increased awareness through sound environmental education is an important element when teaching hence emphasizing the sizeableness of protecting the environment.Additionally, jr. consumers are more likely to be fashion leaders (Goldsmith Clark, 2009, as ci ted in Hill, 2011), indeed understanding generation Yes perception towards CEO-fashion may lead to a better understanding of owe they are contributing to its growing popularity (Morgan Bristle, 2009). Research Justification Despite the prominently growing trend of CEO-fashion and its popularity in the fashion patience, recognition of factors influencing consumers evaluations and perceptions of sustainable product requires further research.Lack of available options is one of the major restraints to CEO-fashion (Hillier Connell, 2010). Moreover, there is make up ones minded research directed towards consumers views of fashion sustainability (Morgan Bristle, 2009). Thus highlighting the need to develop further insight into generation Yes perceptions of fashion and sustainability. Fashion retailers are seen to have a unique position of being closer to consumers, as their business mystify and supply chain is driven by consumer demand (Bristle, Squid Frito, 2003).Therefore cons umers opinions concerning sustainability are essential to how retailers conduct business in addition to the fact that they are able to respond quicker to the demand for sustainable products more appropriately. Owner and founder of Coming NYC and a fashion retailer that excelled in CEO-fashion, Anne Bernstein, has proudly dedicated to educating the public about the advantages of CEO-friendly fashion (Pietistic, 2009). According to Bernstein, there are three key factors that CEO-fashion designers take into consideration when creating pieces of fashion that is considered sustainable.They are the health of the planet, health of garments makers, and the lumber of products in terms of sustainability essentially serving the purpose of long-term usage (Pietistic, 2009). Bridges & Wilhelm (2008) found a low level of familiarity of sustainability matched with a high level of interest in the concept among Generation Y. Hence, this research seeks to consider Generation Yes perceptions towards the sustainable line of fashion garments and how these perceptions will contribute to the expanding popularity of CEO-fashion.Taking the above mentioned into consideration, this study will aim at providing fashion designers and retailers the insight needed into factors Generation Y consumers consider in relation to the concept of CEO-fashion. Understanding this could better supply retailers when creating marketing campaigns when targeting consumers as it is based on their level of knowledge and understanding. Objective of Research This research paper in races to determine the factors that affect the Generation Y consumers perceptions towards the concept of CEO-fashion, and how these factors result in the mounting popularity of CEO-fashion.Therefore, the objectives of this study are to 1 . Identify the stimulus affecting perceptions towards CEO-fashion among Generation Y. 2. Examine the relationship between Generation Y consumers perceptions on CEO-fashion concept and the popularit y of the concept in regards to the five variables that will be analyzed. Literature Review Price and the acquire spirit of CEO- decorate Consumers price sensitivity has attracted the direction of diverse researchers throughout the 21st century.The reason being is studies have shown that price is the cost that shoppers are able to best determine thus making it among the approximately important criteria when deciding to purchase (Dickson Hustled, 2009). To further elaborate, in a recent study of shoppers selection, price was pursuant(predicate)ly indicated as a major influencing factor (Sensei & Todd, 2003). This coincides with the findings of how retailers too, find price to be an important factor for shoppers thus emphasizing its relevance (Sensei & Todd, 2003).Studies have shown that the perception of higher prices may prove to be a barrier to purchasing environmentally friendly apparel and they may be unwilling to pay increased prices for sustainable apparel (Connell, 2010) . However the way in which retailers are able to overcome this issue is by producing apparel on a global scale thus increasing sourcing options that allows manufacturers to compete on lower prices (Gamma, 2011). another(prenominal) solution is sustainable fashion is encouraged to develop current styles and provide increased information to customers through labeling to inform them (Height, 2009).Levis have incorporated this concept into their chic clothing proving how it can acquit customers through style and ethics (Mesa , 22)). The concept is still emerging into the retail business hence showing its potential to grow. Furthermore, it was state in green marketing literature that consumers that are environmentally conscious are willing to purchase green products that may cost more than the number (Halyard, Ogle & Dunbar, 2006). HI Price positively affects the purchase intention of CEO-apparel. Perceived musical note and the purchase intention of CEO-apparelWhen considering a pro duct, consumers take into account their perceived quality of the products characteristics meaning its overall components that are physical and non-physical (Hill & Lee, 2012). Elements such as reliability, durability and performance are factors that lead to consumer satisfaction or dissatisfaction in accordance with their forecast (Sheen, Wang, Lo & Chum, 2012). As CEO- apparel is still a young concept in the business, consumers may be reluctant in purchasing such goods although they are environmentally conscious.Another barrier that may be faced is the belief among consumers that apparel made of recycled eternal is of reduced quality. The large apparel industry leaves a large one C footprint in the environment as it is ever changing and growing resulting in increased wastage (Chain & Wong, Wong). Through all stages of its product life cycle from quality growth, manufacturing, dyeing, transportation to end users each step leaves a harmful impact (Hill & Lee, 2012). Consequently, designers are taking initiative by engaging in CEO fashion by producing their clothes in a way that best suits the environment (Hill, 2012).Utilizing 100% organic fibers, bamboo and hemp are among the biodegradable materials used in the issue process. The sturdy fibers of the plants increase the durability of the products promising that the garments made are of strong quality. In addition, for those that are hesitant as it is a new concept, reputable designers such as Guess Scares have altered methods of production to create more CEO-friendly garments (Volitional, 2009). Customers need not make trade-offs in terms of attributes that create quality when selecting CEO- apparel products to purchase due to qualities like 100% organic cotton (Sheen, Wang, Lo & Chum, 2012).By remaining stylish, entities have been able to promote Rene fashion without compromising their cool factor, thus enhancing their brand image to a larger pool of customers besides guaranteeing quality. H2O Perceived q uality positively affects the purchase intention of CEO-apparel. Openness to innovation and the purchase intention of CEO-apparel One of the main influences in determining the purchase of CEO-garments depends on an individuals disposition and their openness to experience.Each person has a unique self-image they try to portray and remain consistent with in accordance to the type of good or service consumed (Sibilate Undervaluation, 2012). A significant indicator of the type of consumers that may be attracted towards this concept are those that impair in innovative ideas (Cornell Heartfelt, 2012). As stated by Coworker , 2011, the CEO-apparel concept is fairly new and is gradually gaining awareness among consumers and businesses thus the need for consumers to be open to new ideas is vital in order for them to accept this idea (Coworker, 2011).Getting a further understanding of the degree to which consumers inhibit a desire to experience unique ideas allows marketers and CEO retail ers the opportunity to take advantage increasing the amount of potential customers. However, research has shown that the level of generation Yes knowledge regarding this matter is low, yet it also indicates that they put gigantic emphasize on their concern of this issue (Sensei Todd, 2003). Their willingness to educate themselves will essentially result in an increased desire to indulge in CEO-friendly goods (Ma, Littered NIMH, 2012).Targeting generation Y in an effort to gain increased supporters of CEO-garments is key to its success (Connell, 2010). However, capturing those individuals that are more ailing to engage in such products enables this concept to gain popularity more rapidly. HE Consumer innovativeness positively affects the purchase intention of CEO- apparel. The socio-cultural impact and the purchase intention of CEO-apparel When discussing the environment as a whole, several factors can be interpreted into consideration in accordance to an individuals life.CEO-fash ion is currently considered to be a niche market hence appropriately targeting those consumers that are environmentally concerned with products that are designed to fit their lifestyles (Bruno, Mindedness, Reid & Yanks, 2008). Moreover, generation Y consumers that enjoy obtain generally have specific lifestyles, motivations and opinions in relation to shopping (Serbia-Sanchez, Vagary & Hot, 2011). Their motivations to purchase certain goods tend to reflect their social and recreational identities (Serbia-Sanchez, Vagary & Hot, 2011).Hence by purchasing specific goods such as CEO-apparel allows them to communicate to their peers that they are able to incorporate their values and beliefs of being socially aware through the clothes they purchase. Moreover, segmenting research has shown that lifestyle profiles of customers are a more beneficial meaner to unlikeiate green consumers than demographics thus highlighting the importance of understanding their daily lives (Hill, 2012). In add ition, as generation Y makes up a large segment of the retailer business, their interest in fashion and shopping is dominant.They are more prone to seeking new knowledge regarding clothing products which can lead to great curiosity concerning CEO-garments (Sheen, Wang, Lo & Chum, 2012). They find a sense of self-realization when purchasing CEO-made goods as it promotes an CEO- lifestyle (Macaroon, 2009). Research has shown that by combining an CEO-friendly production process with fashion-orientated behaviors may identify the degree to which consumers are more willing to purchase CEO-apparel (Cornell, Hester & Richard, 2011).For those that want to express their values in regards to being CEO- friendly but also want to be stylish, top designers such as Archie Rich, was able to attribute a stunning pink and yellow skirt made entirely from corn fiber. This shows the potential of such raw materials hence allowing them to further advance consumers beliefs and perceptions regarding this industry (Larry, 2012). Moreover, designer he stated how people often perceive the fashion world as superficial. Therefore this could be a stepping stone that proves to the world that by utilizing such resources in their clothing shows their willingness to help (Larry, 2012).Businesses are able to undergo certain actions in their business that allows consumers to form certain perceptions about this issue. This results in the target market discovering certain attitudes, beliefs and values they own that translates into their daily lives. HE The socio-cultural positively affects the purchase intention of CEO-apparel. corporal persona and initiatives and the purchase intention of CEO-apparel Throughout the stick out decade, corporate social responsibility (CARS) has gained incredible momentum across diverse businesses globally as it is being considered as a main objective for firms.This is do in an attempt to emphasize their commitment to environmental, social and economic goals tha t go beyond their commercial activities Cones, Comfort & Hillier, 2006). Studies have shown that the generation Y consumer does appreciate activities retailers practice and prefer to purchase from companies that are making a difference in society (Hill & Lee, 2012). As the participation in CARS and sustainability initiatives gains popularity in the market, companies also gain a competitive advantage (Career & Valor, 2012).Companies such as Wall-Mart are confident enough to report the environmental footprint on products it sells to prove to consumers that they are causing lesser damage annually (Hill, 2012). Furthermore, various designers such as Stella McCarty, Gap, Levis and Guess Scares have recently debuted sustainable clothing lines highlighting short-term sustainable acts (Hill, 2012). Barneys NY, a historied U. S. Retail outlet, invested in a green luxury campaign whereby studies found that it was well received by consumers that expressed interest in the green themed window di splays (Hill, 2012).This shows various ways in which companies show their consumers how they are involved as well as how consumers are positively responding. It represents a relatively smaller portion of the food market however each step taken to help the sustainable fashion market place grow is effective (Chain Wong, Wong). Practicing CARS is an option and not an obligation for entities therefore it verifies that those that practice do care about their consumers and the environment therefore allowing them to improve their value to consumers, enhance their reputation and own a competitive advantage.Finally, another study showed that numerous participants mentioned the proactive measures taken by companies and how it makes a more positive impact thus practicing initiatives has a direct affect towards their purchase intentions of CEO-apparel goods (Regional, 2010), HE Corporate persona and initiatives positively affects the purchase intention of CEO-apparel. Methodology Three hundre d female university students are to participate in this research by completing a self-administered questionnaire.University students are targeted for the sample because they share similar characteristics with fashion leaders and are exposed to a variety of fashion information (Workman Kid, 2000). The sample for this study contained sole(prenominal) female consumers due to previous research noting that there is a high propensity of female consumers towards fashion (Morgan Bristle, 2009). Additionally, research on environmentally conscious consumers has found females being more apt in supporting environmental issues (Mariner, Barnett, Balder, Nubian Osama, 1997, as cited in Nodding, 2003).Therefore, in order to eliminate potential sampling biases due to gender, this study utilized data only from female respondents. To guarantee reliability and validity, the large amount of samples used will better reflect reliable results. info is lay in in the Klan Valley area as this area con sists of most universities as well as being convenient for the researchers, thus making it a strategical location to gather a large amount of data (Miller ROR, 2004). To achieve the objective of this research, non-probability sampling method was adopted, as the focus of the research is only on Generation Y assign consumers.The questions used to measure the variables were adopted from a wide range of relevant past research with the following components 1. Price (Darker Freedman, 1992, as cited in Madman Sure, 2001 Vaudevillian Gradual, 2008). 2. Perceived Quality (Estimate, 1988, as cited in Joy Cigarillos, 2007 Sarasota, 2012). 3. Openness to innovation (Hill, 2012) 4. Socio-cultural (Bruno, Mindedness, Reid Yanks, 2008). 5. Corporate person and initiatives (citation) Participants were asked to rate, on a seven spot Liker scale.In terms of rating scale, seven point Liker scale will be used to identify categories in the questionnaire where 1= strongly agree, 4= neither agree nor disagree, and 7= strongly disagree. According to Sigmund, Ward, Lowe, WinZip Bin (2007), the Liker scale is also known as a popular method to measure attitude because it is easy to administer. Data processing and analysis SPAS 18. 0 will be used for data analyses. Reliability will be estimated by using Cockroachs coefficient alpha for all multi-item scales.Others statistical analyses are such as descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, factors statistics and associative analysis. Functions of these statistics are to reduce the sturdy sum of data matrix collected from the large adjust of respondents (Burns & Bush, 2006). Tasks such as describing measurable characteristics for entities such as median, range, standard deviation, etc could be performed using descriptive statistics (Wallys, 1978). According to Stephen Horny (1995), inferential statistic is using a one-sample adjudicate to obtain data for standard error analysis and hypothesis testing to determine populatio n parameters.While associative analysis will determine whether the proposed variable in the report are interrelated in a logical way (Pappy Sequester, 2006) factor analysis will be used to describe variability among observed, fit variables in terms of a potentially lower number of unobserved variables (Rumen, 1970). Limitation of the research Few limitations in the research are barriers that might limit the findings of the research but overcoming these weaknesses of the study would be the direction of future research.Firstly, the research only focuses on the perceptions of the Generation Y consumer, thus not being a proper representation of the entire population of CEO-fashion consumers although this target consists of consumers that could be most interested in CEO-apparel. Studying other generational groups of consumers would further build the knowledge of consumers perceptions toward the CEO-fashion concept (Hill, 2011). Furthermore, the research only analyses university student s within the Klan Valley area thus it may not be most applicable in terms of different cultural contexts.To elaborate, consumers react differently to prices across countries 00 & Cigarillos, 2007). Compared to individualistic culture, any changes in price in a collectivist culture tend to have greater corresponding perceived laity differences. Hence, a larger sample covering other distinctive areas would be suggested to provide more accurate results (Cooper, 2005). Additionally, this study is bound in that it only covers variables such as price, perceived quality, openness to innovation, corporate person and initiatives and socio-cultural impact that influences consumers perceptions toward the CEO-fashion concept.The inclusion of other related features such as personality and family could also influence the consumers perceptions toward CEO-fashion concept. According to Fernery, Park & Brandon 2005), these factors play a unique role in the perception towards fashion retailers and ar e especially salient in apparel purchases. Thus, further study into other influences on consumers perception is needed. Lastly, this research is limited as it focuses only on female respondents. Therefore, this may lead to gender bias in the results.

Prayer in Public Schools Essay

In the essay named Banning Prayer in Public Schools Has Led to the Statess Demise by Gary Bergel, the argument is made that by removing solicitation and any form of religious contemplation has caused America to plummet from righteous living, prosperity and success within the last quarter century. He states that from around June 25, 1962, when 39 billion disciples were forbidden to pray in inculcate, Americas moral disdain began to accelerate more rapidly. Bergel supports his claim by stating the primary(prenominal) reasons behind the U.S. Supreme courtroom ruling and by issuing some religious tidbits. Even though Bergel lists some facts and names some general ideas, he has an extremely lightheaded argument for the simple reason of the claims and warrants not being supported with factual or personal evidence.The opposing article that I have chosen is titled Argument against School Prayer by Adam Frucci. Frucci first starts out by saying that the article is not intended to bash God, or Christianity. But its purpose is to argue all forms of religion in crops, high instruct in particular. He states that high school is a place where you begin to separate from your parents and begin to form your protest ideas. Keeping this in mind, its the absolute get through place to start forcing values and beliefs on you.He further states that religion will never be non-discriminatory it toilet never totally include everyone. there will always be someone who doesnt fit in simply because of a personal belief, and high school is not the place to demonstrate isolationism and criticism on any level out slope of an academic level. Again, I like this article exclusively it is somewhat biased because of the writers status of a student in a catholic high school. I get the feeling that he is really bitter about(predicate) having the catholic beliefs forced on himbut frankly he, or his parents, chose for him to attend the school so he might as well adapt, learn, and become stronger from the situation. Both of the arguments are weak in their own ways and strong in others, and I will attempt to acknowledge most of their faults.Beginning with Bergels argument of the demoralization of the US as a result of the removal of prayer from public schools, I get the since that he is very adamant about getting his views across regardless of analyzing the other side of the story. The whole essay is just the ranting and ravings of a bitter Christian. No support is accustomed to his main thoughts anywhere throughout the paper. In all of his main thoughts, he spouts some statistics and information about different factors that have influenced the topic, however there is no substantial evidence of factual data, but quite a provided his own opinion. In the first section of the essay, he mentions that there has been a decline in family and morality. How does one evaluate a decline in something so abstract and so subjective? It is clear that from here on out, he is maki ng general assumptions based solely on his beliefs. Bergel goes on to argue that removing prayer from school creates the secular system beyond the power of God.This is a faulty argument for the simple Christian fact that if God is all powerful, how can anything be created beyond Gods power. If anything, removal of prayer will keep children from experiencing God in more than a church setting. He also argues that in doing so, religion in being stripped from the lips and minds of children. Its not restraining a child from totally expressing or acting religiously, its simply preventing prayer to be forced on those who arent believers. Its, in essence, protecting the first amendment rights of those affected and moreover, is a gross exaggeration of the case in hand in step-up to the fact that religion cant be totally taken from some one.At a point in the article, he mentions the Engle vs. Vitale Supreme Court case. The whole ruling has nothing to do with keeping kids from instruction th e religion, its concerned with children who arent believers of Christianity not being forced to participate in something that they wear upont believe in. Bergel seems to forget that the basic principle of separation of church and state is that the US isnt a professed catholic state therefore it cant just allow the use of one religion over another in any public arena.The Engle vs. Vitale ruling doesnt eliminate the learning of religion, it simply doesnt allow institutions to force the practice of Christianity on kids of other faiths. In general, his rational appears to be based on passionate fervor rather than rational thought and analysis of the Engle vs. Vitale ruling and its surrounding issues. He never pinpoints the issues and examines them within his analysis. He never presents an argument against the opposition but rather rants and raves about what he believes to be right thus stacking the evidence and therefore making it seem as if anything that is in opposition to his belief s are wrong. In addition, he never mentions anything about his main idea of prayer in school prayer, thus committing a red herring.In Fruccis article concerning the argument for the removal of school prayer, it has both good and bad aspects to it, thusly providing me with the evidence that this is a stronger argument than that of Bergel. Frucci suggests to us that high school is the worst time to impose such a subject for the simple reason that its a time when one is learning about ones self and its not the time to impose clean mindsets. Firstly, Religion cant be imposed but rather be encouraged and taughtits up to the educated whether or not to bear the knowledge. Fruccis statement is purely circumstantial because people learn at all times of life and new ideas are presented everyday.Therefore, the teaching of religion in schools can only offer more options rather than changing ones whole mindset. In saying that the setting is inappropriate, Frucci is clearly showing signs of his immaturity. In my own opinion, school is the one of the best places to teach religion. The childs inability to concentrate and focus on the task at had does not warrant removal of school prayer. If thats the case, school in general should be gotten rid of because of the childs inherent nature to be easily distracted and loose concentration. whiz of Fruccis strongest arguments within the paper is that prayer in schools does create a since of discrimination. However, he takes it to the extreme when saying that the since of community will be ruined because of their nonparticipation.Overall, Fruccis essay is stronger than Brugels in the since of me, the reader, being able to relate to the authors point of view, as well as the amount of support that was given to each point raised. Fruccis essay presents more of an argument, as opposed to Brugels which is more of an outcry of ideas. However both essays are pretty weak in their persuasiveness, but since I have to choose on, Id have to sa y that Fruccis is the stronger of the two.

Cellular pathology: importance of dyes in identifying normal and abnormal histological features of tissues

IntroductionIn the study of tissues, histological spot is important in order to study cellular organizes, intracellular and extracellular substances at the microscopic level (Stevens and Lowe, 1997). Staining is an auxiliary technique use in microscopy to enhance contrast in images obtained and to high lessen structures. Stains may be used to countersink and examine bulk tissues, cell populations or organelles within individual cells histological features useful for biological research and/or diagnosis in medicine (Bancroft and Cook, 1994). The enormousness of dyes in identifying normal and abnormal histological features of tissues is herein discussed. Medical and biological research is underpinned by knowledge of the normal structure and function of cells and tissues as wholesome as the organs and structures they make up (histology) Understanding disease in the context of structure-function relationships (histopathology) enables variediation between normal tissues and abnorma l tissues in a token disease state (Cook, 2008). The specialism of these enabled by the identification and understanding of the divergence of normal and abnormal histology is highly beneficial in disease diagnostics and therapeutics (Bancroft and Gamble, 2008). much(prenominal) essential study disciplines are based on a thorough understanding and ability to recognise basic tissue types which combine to form the different organs of the body. Understanding normal structure of tissues is essential to the identification of altered structure (Lakhani, et al., 1998). With knowledge of normal histology, one can see the types, location and kitchen stove of cells involved in disease, whether their intrinsic morphology is impacted indicating cellular dysfunction, and whether higher order tissue structure is impaired which indicates organ dysfunction (Stevens and Lowe, 2000).Histopathology, on the early(a) hand, encompasses the means to verify accurate models of particular diseases based on understanding the visual picture of molecular mechanisms differentiated from normal (Kiernan, 1999). In the normal hearty state, cells and new(prenominal) elements of tissue are ar appreciationd in regular recognisable patterns. Tissues usually have particular defining characteristics such as surface structure and shapes and formations of constituent cells which are used in their identification and assessment of function (Stevens and Lowe, 1997). Changes in these patterns can be induced by a wide range of chemical and physical influences such as microbial infection and cell malignancy in cancer are reflected by structural alterations at the microscopic level (Lakhani, et al., 1998). Many diseases such as Cancer are also characterised by typical structural and chemical abnormalities which vary the normal pattern of tissues (Lakhani et al., 1998). This is the buns of microscopic examination of specimens. Examination of various specimen and differentiation of structures is challe nged as tissue sections or smears obtained from biopsies or aspirations appear dull and less detailed when viewed in light microscopy. This is because the fixed materials in the preparation have a similar refractive index and have a similar grey colour which makes it rough to identify the structure of the tissues (Kiernan, 1999). It is essential to stain the cells/tissues to enable better visualisation of the different structures in contrasting colours (Bancroft and Cook, 1994). Staining is most commonly carried kayoed through the use of histological dyes which are coloured organic compounds obtained from natural sources or from synthetic production that selectively bind to or concentrate in various cell and tissue structures (Kiernan, 1999). Dyes contain auxochromes which are chemical components that enable attachment to tissue such as the ionisable OH group, and chromophores which are substances added to absorb visible light responsible for the colour observed. Colour arises whe n an attached chromophore molecule absorbs certain wavelengths of visible light (Bancroft and Gamble, 2008). Most modern dyes such as the Haematoxylin and Eosin stains commonly used are synthesised from simpler organic molecules, usually benzene or one of its derivatives (Kiernan, 1999). Stains are generally aimed as special probes, which possess variable specificity depending on the unique ionisation or chemical reaction with tissue structures and components (Stevens and Lowe, 1997). Staining does not result in a random colouring of the tissue specimens, but rather exploits the differences in the chemical structure of the tissue. This is shown by colour variation depending on which dye is bound. Colours acquired reflect the nature of the tissues and their properties and proffers an advantage in the revelation of specific split or areas (Cook, 2008). This enables detailed visualisation of structures including cell structures such as the cytoplasm, nucleus and organelles, as well as extra-cellular components. Additionally, under certain conditions such as glycogen storage diseases, staining (in this case using the Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) to detect carbohydrates) can reveal molecular compounds and differences associated with pathological conditions (Lakhani, et al., 1998). Enhanced capacity for visualisation and identification of structures is the prime advantage for the use of dyes in staining of tissue specimen. Tissue staining therefore plays a critical role in tissue-based diagnosis and research allowing the visualization of tissue morphology and histological features, and in distinguishing normal and abnormal histological features (Cook, 2008 Stevens and Lowe, 1997 Kiernan, 1999). These observations are sufficient to allow analysis of tissue health and diagnosis of disease. histological dyes commonly used for staining in light microscopy include the Haematoxylin and Eosin stain (H&E), Van Giessen, Massons Trichrome, and Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), amo ng others. The H&E stain is the most commonly used stain for light microscopy in histology and histopathology. It is routinely used as it provides a very detailed view of the tissue achieved by staining cell structures staining the nuclei a dark blue or purple, and the cytoplasm and connective tissue in shades of pink (Cook, 2008). Staining using these and other dyes forms a critical part of the diagnostic picture given the sufficient contrast obtained for the display of tissue morphology (Stevens and Lowe, 1997).In conclusion, staining is an essential make in histology and histopathology with its primary advantage being the enhancement of contrast between different components of the tissue specimen, particularly as seen in light microscopy. The overall target area of histology is to acquire knowledge of normal tissues and organs, which is essential to understanding the altered structure and function of diseased cells, tissues and organs. There is no doubt that the use of dyes to allow for differentiation between normal and abnormal tissues is fundamental to our understanding of this.ReferencesBancroft, J., and Gamble, M., (2008). Theory and practice of histological techniques. PA, USA ElsevierBancroft, D. and Cook C., (1994). Manual of Histological Techniques and their Diagnostic Application. PA, USAChurchill Livingstone Elsevier.Cook, D., (2008) cellular Pathology. 2nd Edition, Chatham Scion Publishing Ltd.Kiernan, A., (1999). Histological and Histochemical Methods. Theory and Practice (3rd Ed). Oxford Butterworth-Heinemann.Lakhani, R., Dilly, A., and Finalyson, J., (1998) Basic Pathology An Introduction to the Mechanisms of Disease (2nd Ed). London Arnold.Stevens, A., and Lowe, J., (1997). Human Histology. (2nd Ed) Edinburgh Mosby.Stevens, A., and Lowe, J., (2000). Pathology 2nd Ed Mosby Edinburgh.

Q: Contrast English with One Other Language with Respect to Two Particular Points of Grammar or Vocabulary. with Reference to That Point of Grammar/Vocabulary, State How Native Speakers of These Languages Would Be

Q Contrast position with one other diction with respect to TWO particular points of grammar or vocabulary. With reference to that point of grammar/vocabulary, asseverate how subjective speakers of these dictions would be predicted to differ in their judgeing or perception if we accept the lingual relativity hypothesis. How might you test this prediction experimentally? This act will discuss the linguistic relativity hypothesis contrasting the English terminology with the most common Chinese dialect, mandarin.The interrogate of whether or non the phraseology we speak shapes how we view the world has interested the fields of anthropology, psychology and linguistics for many years. Using two aspects of vocabulary, which I have chosen to be that of property and meter, I will attempt to predict how inbred Mandarin and English speakers may differ in their conceptions of the sequential order of time. Following these predictions I will outline a proposed method as to test t he predictions experimentally. A definition and brief history of how the linguistic relativity hypothesis developed into what it is right away is the necessary starting platform for this essay.Today and indeed spanning back through this century, gum benjamin Lee Whorf is most commonly associated with the hypothesis of linguistic relativity. (Slobin, 1996, p. 70). However it is due to the arguments and go on hypotheses of Hamann, herder, Humboldt, Boas and Sapir that brought about todays view of linguistic relativism (Gumperz & Levinson, 1996, p. 2). Hamann was the initiative German philosopher to bring light and discussion to the relationship of spoken language and cognitive thinking. In 1762 Hamann record many ideas with attri barelye to linguistic relativism in his work Kreuzzuge des Philologen.Here Hamann states how Language did not originate from thought, but its origin had been prior to thought, for thought presupposes a language in which it might manifest itself (Beek, 2 005, p. 7). Herder was Hamanns student and it is visible in his work that he was influenced by the teachings of Hamann. The progression of this discussion began as Herder believed that language was a result of psychological, historical and natural forces, (McAfee, 2004, p. 28), and had no divine origin as thought by Hamann. Whorf also sh ared this belief among others with Herder. Whorf range such eliefs into his studies, the prevalent shared theory being that external features of a particular language could provide clues to its inner character (McAfee, 2004, p. 28). The 19th century paved way for the German philosopher and language theorist, Humboldt. Whorf drew many of his theories from those of Humboldts. Humboldt strongly believed that language and thought were one and that with the absence of language, cognition could not be articulated devolvely, (McAfee 2004, p. 28). Humboldt is the send-off mentioned in this essay to seek a substantial amount of evidence in order to prove or further predict his thoughts on linguistic relativity.Due to lack of concrete information present in the linguistic comparative inquiry field, Humboldt backed up his claims by using evidence from non-western languages (Beek 2005, p. 8). One of his studies examined the opposite amount of words for the animal elephant, in the English and Sanskrit languages. He found that in comparison to the English word elephant which carries only one meaning, there were some(prenominal) words for elephant in the Sanskrit language denoting many meanings. His concluding thoughts on this were that beca spend of the differences in their vocabulary, the English and the Sanskrit would perceive the animal divers(prenominal)ly.This led Humboldt to further believe that each civilization had its deliver world view, a theory known and adapted by Whorf as Weltanschauung (McAfee, 2004, p. 29) Humboldts theory Weltanschauung was brought to America by the return of the American School of Anthropology, B oas. This was due to the particular that Boas shared Humboldts view that each culture had a distinct identity and could only be to the full understood through the study of its history, society, traditions and of course language (McAfee, 2004, p. 9). Boas, teacher of Sapir (Sapir, teacher of Whorf), was credited by Whorf with his theory that diametrical exotic cultures exemplify different methods of thinking. It was Sapir that introduced Whorf to the claims do by his teacher, Boas. Whorf took this theory and altered it, stating that unlike Boas, he felt that it was linguistic structures rather than conceptual differences that led to different world views of different cultures (McAfee 2004, p. 29).Sapir argues that through his condition entitled The status of linguistics as a science it is the language of a society that shapes the world we live in. Sapir blatantly states that human beings are at the mercy of the language they speak. Whorf, learning and drawing from each of his pr edecessors gave meaning to his hypothesis of linguistic relativity where he believes that it is the different grammars of languages that lead to different types of observations and evaluations of externally different facts of observation (Gumperz & Levinson, 1996, p. 6). in that locationfor it can clearly be seen that although the linguistic relativity hypothesis has come to being more commonly known as the Whorfian Hypothesis, it is not only Whorf who should be accredited with the hypothesis, but all minds that lead to the final wordings of Whorf. However, in todays society and with the advancement of cognitive science, Whorfs claims cannot al-Qaida alone. His view has been dissipated. Now leading the research are Lera Boroditsky, John A. Lucy and Stephen C. Levinson. These linguists are concerned with answering the question Does language shape thought? , and relying more on evidence than thoughts and theories. This essay will conform to the modern resurgence of the question Does language shape thought? Different languages have different vocabularies. Do hatful of different languages view the world differently because of their respective vocabularies? More specifically, does the differing vocabulary associated with space and time associated with different languages affect the speakers cognitive conceptions of the sequential order of time? Of course, many aspects of time are common to all languages and therefor cultures.For example, yesterday is in the past and tomorrow is in the future. Indeed these concepts are universal across all languages. However, what is not universally accepted by all languages regarding the above affirmation is the sequential order of yesterday and tomorrow. For native English speakers, tomorrow would be thought to be in front of you, forward. Yesterday would be thought to be behind you, backwards. This is due to the use of the English languages spatial terms representing time. In front and behind are spatial terms that shape the thoughts of English peoples perception of time.This statement is meaningless without the comparison of another language with different conceptions of special awareness involving time. Mandarin. Mandarin also uses the spatial terms in front (qian) and behind (Beihou) when talking about time. However, unlike the English language, Mandarin uses vertical spatial morphemes to talk about the order of events, for example, tomorrow, yesterday, next month, last year etc. Boroditsky (2011, p. 1305-1328) Events that are notwithstanding to happen i. e. in the future are thought to be up (shang) and events in that have already happened i. . past events are thought to be rout (xia) (Boroditsky et al, 2010, p. 1). thither are some minor cases where English speakers do refer to time using vertical spatial terms, e. g. Things will be better downward the line. However it has been proven that Mandarin speakers think about time vertically more frequently than English speakers do (Boroditsky et al , 2010, p. 2). An experiment to verify this can be seen through Chan and Bergens workings, Writing direction in? uences spatial cognition. Where a group of native English and Mandarin speakers were asked to spatially arrange temporal sequences shown to them in pictures, 30% of the time Mandarin speakers arranged the pictures vertically as opposed to the English speakers who didnt arrange them vertically once. There are in fact many experiments to test the linguistic relativity hypotheses, regarding whether English and Mandarin speakers differ in their thinking and perception of time using spatial metaphors. The leader in this current field of research is the aforementioned Lera Boroditsky. Boroditsky has carried out many studies on this specific topic. Does Language Shape Thought? Mandarin and English Speakers Conceptions of Time print in 2001, Boroditsky deliberates the question, Is processing altered in the long term by the use of metaphors. In 2008, Boroditsky revisited the top ic, carrying out further experiments concluding the Mandarin speakers are more inclined to arrange time vertically. The paper was titled Do English and Mandarin speakers think differently about time? Boroditskys latest research and publishings, entitled Do English and Mandarin speakers think about time differently? has concluding experiments that claim to the affirmative of the relative linguistic hypothesis. Boroditskys previous workings did not consider the importance of the pairing of primes and targets. In her most recent studies it shows that disregarding these aspects will lead to further interference and instability. There are numerous methods of predicting if English and Mandarin speakers conceive different conceptions of the sequential order of time. Firstly, each race must be tested in their own language. Testing Mandarin speakers through English or vice versa introduces unnecessary variables into the experiment.If Mandarin speakers were to be tested through English it wo uld inevitably test if Mandarin speakers think differently when they speak English. The question of whether they think differently to English speakers would not be properly examined and answered, as they would be thinking habitually but rather how their newly acquired language has influenced them to speak (assuming the legitimacy of the Relative linguistic Hypothesis. ) The test would separate a group of native English and Mandarin speakers into their native languages. Each participant is given 3 magnets with pictures on them.One magnet depicts a picture of a sitting high up on a tree. The next picture sees the boy falling off of the tree. The final picture comprises of the boy on the ground crying. Each participant is then asked in their native language to stick their magnets, in order of events onto a magnetic board secured onto a wall. Presumably, assuming that Mandarin speakers construct time on a vertical bloc, their pictures would be placed vertically. With the first picture placed at the shadow of the vertical line and the final picture at the top of the vertical line.In comparison it would be assumed that English speakers would place the pictures plainly from left to right in starting order. The evidence from this experiment, would suggest that due to the different alignments of the pictures, Mandarin speakers do think differently to English speakers regarding the sequential order of time. With the available evidence from Lera Boroditskys 2010 publication, Do English and Mandarin speakers think about time differently? There proves to be many plausible, evidence based methods for testing the question do English and Mandarin speakers think differently?Boroditskys most recent experiments takes 181 people, 118 were native English speakers and 63 were native Mandarin speakers whom also spoke English. The procedure involved projections of Woodey Allens face on a screen. There were two pictures, the first was shown on a fixed point on the screen for 2 sec onds and the second was then shown in the same position. The second picture stayed there until the participants answered the question. The question posed to them was whether the second picture of Woody Allen was taken at an preceding or later stage in his life than the first.To answer the question the participants had to contract a keystone on a keyboard, one labelled earlier and one labelled later. The position of the keys were arranged into four groups. The first group, tested on 51 native English speakers and 26 Mandarin speakers, had their keyboards lying flat on the table top. The keys were on the horizontal axis, the left key labelled earlier and the right key labelled later in the first group. The left key labelled later and the right key labelled earlier in the second group.For the remainder of participants, 67 native English speakers and 37 Mandarin speakers, their keyboards were positioned vertically to the table top. The keys were respectively arranged in a vertical or der. The bottom key labelled earlier and the top key labelled later in the first group. The bottom key labelled later and the top key labelled earlier in the second group. The reasoning behind this experiment was that assuming people habitually represent time on a horizontal or vertical axis, asking them to view the axis in an incongruent order to their automatic reasoning, should cause an interference.The results coincided with this reasoning. As discussed previously, both Mandarin and English speakers use horizontal spatial terms to represent time and both groups showed a canonicality effect on the horizontal axis. However as proven, Mandarin speakers think of time more frequently on the vertical axis than English speakers do. Only Mandarin speakers responded faster when the earlier key was placed on top in the vertical axis on the keyboard. This study clearly suggests that Mandarin speakers do think about the sequential order of time differently to English speakers.Mandarin speak ers become explicit use of the vertical axis regarding time more often than English speakers. With reference to the question posed by the linguistic relativity hypothesis, Does language shape thought? the prediction of whether English and Mandarin speakers view the sequence of time differently was affirmed. Through the discussion of the Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis it became clear that the origins and developments of the hypothesis were needed in order to establish the exact question that was being asked in this essay.The question was then specified to refer to two different languages, which were as mentioned, Mandarin and English. The thought questioned was that of time. The vocabulary dealt with was space and time and how they combine to comprise of different thoughts to the speakers of the languages. The conclusion and answer to the central question of this essay was yes, English speakers and Mandarin speakers do think differently. Mandarin speakers are much more likely to think about time on a vertical axis while English speakers think about time on a horizontal plane.The question Does language shape thought? has been a topic that has spanned the centuries and fuddle anthropologists, linguists and psychologists. It seems this question has enlightened people over the centuries too, and the thought of language affecting cognition has been a desired theory. Holy Roman Emperor, Charlemagne is known to have tell to have a second language, is to have a second soul. References Beek, W. 2005. Linguistic Relativism, Variants and Misconceptions. Boroditsky, L. & Fuhrman, O. et al. 2010.Do English and Mandarin Speakers think about time differently? CA Elsevier B. V. Boroditsky, l. & Chen, E. 2011. How Linguistic and Cultural Forces Shape Conceptions of Time English and Mandarin Time in 3D. Cognitive Science Society, Inc. Gumperz, J. J. & Levinson, C. S. 1996. Rethinking Linguistic Relativity. New York Cambridge University Press. McAfee, C. 2004. The Linguis tic Relativity Theory and Benjamin Lee Whorf. The McMaster Journal of Communication. Volume 1, Issue 1. Slobin, I. D. 1996. From Thought and Language to Thinking for Speaking. Cambridge University Press.

How does Gaskell use setting and location to reveal the character of her heroine, Margaret Hale?

The final title of her novel North and South, suggests the important role setting and location play in Gaskells score of Marg aret Hale and her kinship with Milton mill-owner John Thornton. During the course of the novel, we see Margaret settled in three locations Harley Street, Helstone and Milton. Each of these settings represents a different social stratum and we see Margaret break out in her perception and attitude towards each of them.They all contri exclusivelye, in some way, to making Margaret the girl that she is at the end of the novel. The book opens in Harley Street, where we are presented with the region of Edith. Ediths role in the novel is to act as a contrast to Margaret or control sample. Through her, we can see what Margarets bread and neverthelesster would have been ex transportable had she accepted Lennox. Edith is the model Victorian woman and she fits in perfectly with her Harley Street surroundings, but Margaret is far more independent, strong-minded and unconventional.When having her loer describe her future life in Corfu, the very parts which made Margaret glow as she listened, Edith pretended to shiver and shudder at because anything of a gipsy or make-shift life was rightfully distasteful to her. Margaret, on the other hand appears to be ill at ease with the superficial attitudes and concerns of those around her. As she signalizes her mother I think what you handle the makeshift contrivances at dear Helstone were a charming part of the life there.Margaret has no pretensions and this disfavour of the superficial relationships is particularly evident in her verbal description of her aunts view of her neighbours whom Mrs Shaw called friends, because she happened to dine with them more frequently than with any other stack, and because if she or Edith wanted anything from them, or they from her, they did not scruple to make a call at each others houses before luncheon. This relationship contrasts with her experiences in Milton we re the term neighbours is app fraudd to people such as Higgins and his daughters a far more personal and genuine relationship.The opening scenes as well as provide the reader with an explanation of Margarets position in Aunt Shaws house. It is shown to be a warm and affectionate household with her gentle aunt and dear cousin, but Margarets position within it was that of poor cousin and companion to Edith. Margarets proud character and regard for social stature is clear from her eager racket of filling the important post of only daughter in Helstone parsonage. This perception of phratry and positions in society is one that shapes umpteen of her dislikes of Milton and its inhabitants and is one that she must(prenominal) eventually overcome.The title of chapter two, Roses and Thorns has significance in that is shows the contrast between the life Margaret expects at Helstone, surrounded by roses and the outdoors, and the thorns in her life that she hadnt expected. It shows how be neath the idyll of her memories of Helstone, lie problems waiting to cause pain. Margaret feels that she belongs in Helstone where its people were her people. As an example of this, she learned and delighted in using their particular words.However, she is later to grasp the language of the people in Milton, showing her adaptability and also how she belongs in Milton to the same extent as she does in Helstone. Margaret is aware that one had need to learn a different language and measure by a different standard up here in Milton. The embracing of the local dialect by a warmness-class girl is highly unusual in novels, showing the unconventional, clever and independent mind that Margaret possesses. Her return to Helstone and her keen enjoyment of every sensuous diversion shows how Margaret is a sensuous woman, greatly appreciative of the outdoors.The loss of the countryside and the geographical differences between Milton and Helstone are perceived greatly by Margaret. In Helstone, Ma rgaret walks out on the large-minded commons into the warm scented light, seeing multitudes of wild, free, living creatures, revelling in the sunshine, and the herbs and flowers it called forth whereas at Milton the chimneys smoked, the ceaseless roar and mighty beat, and dizzying whirl of machinery, struggled and strove perpetually. Senseless and purposeless were woodland and iron and steam in their endless labours.The difference in the environments is emphasised by Gaskells use of language and tools such as alliteration. Margaret shows her attitude to social class on her first arriving at Helstone, to have been shaped by her childhood in the fashionable Harley Street. She conforms to the conventional perception that a mans status as a gentleman is reliant on birth, property and an appropriate (or no) occupation. This topic is one that is discussed at length with Mr Thornton and we see that Milton, and her acquaintance with Thornton, changes Margarets opinion on this.Thornton be lieves that gentleman is a term that only describes a person in his relation to others, whereas the term a man comprehends more, a person not merely considered with regard to his fellow-me, but in relation to himself. It is one of the many prejudices concerning class relations that Margaret must overcome before she can be happily united with Thornton. Although she declares that I am not standing up for the cotton spinners any more than for any other betrays-people, she is later to stand up for both the masters through Thornton and the workers through Higgins.The change in Margaret is forced upon her through her change in situation and circumstance. The frailties and failings in Mr Hales character can be seen in his being unable to tell his wife of his change of conscience and their subsequent more to Milton-Northern. This means that greater responsibility is placed on Margarets shoulders, but her strength of character shines through because although she did dislike it, did shrink f rom it more than from anything she had ever had to do in her life before she then manages to conquer herself. This is something that Mr Hale is unable to do.The area the Hales move into in Milton is sprucely named, Crampton. Like Dickens in Hard Times, Gaskell uses the names of places to suggest their nature. Ediths letters from Corfu provide not only the reader, but Margaret also, with a constant reminder as to what her life could have been like. The first letter from Edith tells of her arrival and is received on the day of Margarets own arrival in Milton. The lively and gay description of their gifted days in Corfu provides a stark contrast between the dark, chaotic and cramped life in Milton.The lives of the two fresh cousins have diverged completely. At this testify in the novel, Margaret would have preferred Ediths life, but later on we see that she would not have been content with such a life. Margarets humanitarian interest is arouse in her through her life in Milton. Sh e provides a counter-argument to that of J. S. Mill and those of the utilitarian movement such as Gradgrind in Hard Times. She sees a smaller component of Milton society and was thrown in with one or two of those who, in all measures affecting masses of people, must be acute sufferers for the good of many.She, like Dickens Sissy Jupe sees the cost in terms of human suffering, her concern is for the individual. Margaret is interested in people and it is through her acquaintance with Higgins and his family that Milton became a brighter place in it she had found a human interest. She does not like to hear the mill workers referred to as Hands. This is an issue discussed also in Hard Times but it reflects on her interests in the individual in society. Referring to a whole class of people by the same generic term, removes the personal contact and identity of the workers. They no longer have independence of character.As we hear of Frederick and his story, we see how and why Margaret look s up to him. Her creed in life is that Loyalty and obedience to wiseness and justice are fine but it is still finer to defy arbitrary power, unjustly and cruelly used not on behalf of ourselves, but on behalf of others more helpless. This is what Frederick did. She sees his crime as elevated through his motives to a heroic protection of the weak. This concords with her great interest in humanity. When she saves Thornton from the mob at the mill, she did it because it was right, and simple, and true to save where she could save.Margaret, coming fresh to the industrial troubles in Milton, provides a new outlook on the problems. Although she is biased in that she considers the south a lot less hostile and full of suffering, she can see two classes dependant on each other in every possible way, in so far each evidently regarding the interests of the other as opposed to their own. She correctly identifies communication as being the root of a lot of their problems and endeavours to imp rove this. Margarets relationship with Dixon shows her capacity to love fiercely.It also highlights her perception of her position in the household and her willingness to take on all the responsibilities of nursing her mother. Mrs Hales fatal illness brings Dixon and Margaret together in sympathy and support for one another. Through Mrs Thorntons scathing opinion of Margaret and her condescending attitude to her surroundings, we see others perception of Margarets breeding and social awareness. Although her opinions as regards her surroundings change gradually during her age in Milton, Mrs Thornton never credits her with this.Bessy too is surprised that Margaret is associating with the first folk in Milton. More particularly because it is unusual that someone of Margarets middle class breeding visits both the masters and the men, thus straddling the two very distinct classes in the industrial town. Margaret finds this hard to come to terms with when she is invited to dine at the Tho rntons, where she is expected to dress up in my finery, and go off and away to smart parties, after the grief I have seen today.Margaret, with all the sorrow and hardship she has to bear, has all the propensity to become a martyr. Many a self-sacrificing heroine has had her true character poorly developed throughout the history of the novel. scorn this, Margaret is not a martyr, she is a much more three-dimensional character. While she bears the responsibility and pain of her life and family troubles, her whole life just now was a strain upon her fortitude. She doesnt deny the hardship and must struggle against complaining. This makes her a much more real and enjoyable character.In her darkest times in Milton, she still looks book binding to Helstone as the sunny times of old, showing that her character has not yet completed its journey. In the wake of her mothers death, we see Margaret beginning to redress her prejudices regarding trades people her cheeks burnt as she recollecte d how proudly she had implied an objection to trade (in the early days of their acquaintance) This is also a sign of her growing feelings for Thornton, which she is yet to admit to herself. When Higgins visits, he is asked up the stairs something which astonishes Dixon, as folk at Helstone were never brought higher than the kitchen.During their time in Milton, class distinctions as perceived by the Hales have weakened. The change in Margaret is also shown through her beginning to address the poor in the south with a more objective attitude. Margarets view of trades people goes full circle when her brother goes into trade in Spain and she reflects on her old tirades against trade. Not only does her perception of trade go full circle, but also in her returning to London, her lifestyle does likewise. Her London life no longer satisfies her and she fears becoming sleepily deadened into forgetfulness.The pace of life in London is very different from the bustle of Milton and she finds t hat it is the hoo-ha and excitement of the industrial town that she prefers. Leaving it has left a strange unsatisfied vacuum in Margarets heart. She also longs for contact with other classes such as she experienced while in Milton. On returning to Helstone, Margaret comes with the view that she was returning home, but she finds that little things have changed and moved on and Helstone will never be the place it once was.It is this realisation of the changes that carry us on imperceptibly from childhood to youth and thence through manhood to age, whence we sweep into the quiet mother earth that allows Margaret to make a break with Helstone and all the memories attached to it. She is able to come to terms with it as her past and remember it entirely as such. Mr Lennox comments that Margaret returns at the end of the novel to the Margaret Hale of Helstone, but he is wrong she is quite a different woman to the now.Thornton too fails to see that it was her time in Milton that made Ma rgaret the independent woman she is at the end of the novel, describing Helstone as the place where Margaret grew to be what she is. Margarets character is shaped not only by her young childhood in Harley Street, her summers in Helstone, but also her young womanhood in Milton. It is probably the latter that had the most substantial impact on her, causation her to see both Harley Street and Helstone through different eyes on her return.Ultimately, she chooses the life and spirit and vigour of Milton over the laziness of London, through her choice of Thornton over Mr Lennox as a husband. The vast differences in the scenery and setting over the course of the novel reflect Margarets attitude and her changing opinions regarding herself and those around her. The changes she undergoes in Milton are highlighted by her return to the familiar scenes of Helstone and Harley Street, her new attitude to them and the people connected with them.