The Test Statistic Essay Example for Free

The Test Statistic Essay Background: The decreasing scores of students in standardized tests in math and science have been a cause for concern for most education reformers; hence, intensive remediation had been designed for those who have been found to perform poorly at these tests. In order to test whether the intervention programs are effective, scores in the previous tests before the remediation was given will be compared to test scores after the remediation. Statement of the problem: Is there a significant difference in the test scores of students before and after the remediation program? Independent variable: Remediation program Dependent variable: Test scores (before and after remediation) Hypothesis: Null hypothesis: There is no significant difference in the test scores of students before and after the remediation program. Alternative hypothesis: There is a significant difference in the test scores of students before and after the remediation program. Effect size The effect size would indicate the magnitude of the difference of the scores, using Cohen’s (1988) conventional system, an effect size of .02 is small, .05 is moderate and .08 is large. The probability value would only tell us whether to reject of accept the null hypothesis but in no way tells us whether the difference is small or large. Statistics t = 5.192 df = 214 n = 216 Effect size: .05 Report   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The answered research question is â€Å"Is there a significant difference between the test scores of students in science and math before and after the remediation program?† The hypothesis tested is as follows: Ho: p = 0 Ha: p ≠  0   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The result of the t-test on student scores in the science and math test (t=5.192 at .05) which is larger than the t-critical value (p 4.33), with a sample size of 216 and a degrees of freedom of 214. Therefore the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted, thus, the remediation programs have indeed statistically increased the test scores of the students in science and math. The effect size is at .05 which is moderate (Cohen, 1988), this would indicate that the difference in the before and after test scores is moderate in value and hence is not really that large as expected. This would mean that the present remediation program has done its work but much is desired before it could be said that it has really reached its objective. References Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. New York: Academic Press. Cohen, B. (2001). Explaining Psychological Statistics. New York: Wiley. Moore, D.S. (2000). The Basic Practice of Statistics 2nd   ed. New York: W.H. Freeman.

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In this study the Bayesian inference will in conditioned on data and not on the design for in exploring Bayesian approach in crops trials. Our main interest was to ascertain how Bayesian methods have been applied in the design and analysis of real data of estimation of a single crop variety trial in block designs, genetic gain, genotypic and phenotypic correlations, and genotypes by environment integration, stability analysis and breeding values. The methodology for the literature search Bayesian methods in crop trials. Yuen and Mila (2012) state that a Bayesian approach is useful in plant pathology. Bayesian inference, based on probability is a convenient way to deal with these sorts of problem. The main difficulty with likelihood methods are optimization problems such as multiple modes, solution of likelihood equations etc., whereas integration problem is more often associate with Bayesian approach that largely due to the advancement in Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, esp ecially Gibbs sampling techniques. WinBUGS (the Windows version of Bayesian inference Using Gibbs Samp...

Reason We Go to College Essay

Everyone has their own reason for wanting to get a degree in higher learning. Some of the reasons are; the love of learning, the chance to get away from their parents and be on their own. While others do it for the promise of a better future or just because they think that it is the right thing to do. Needless to say, there are countless reasons why we choose to further our education. Just like there are different reasons people go to college, there are different ways that people learn best. I will be telling you a little bit about my desire to earn my college diploma and how I think I learn best. Lots of people like to make money ever since currency was created and that is one of my motivations to complete college. According to Shaffer (2010), the top five reasons that people go to college are: to get an education, to expand their circle of awareness, to discover their passion, to network and to challenge themselves. I agree with all of these but as a parent, I also want to provide a great lifestyle for my children and complete what I’m teaching them to aim for. I love learning new things and having knowledge in my head instead of having to grab a dictionary, my phone or a computer to understand something. Though I love to increase my knowledge base, there are certain styles of learning that I excel in learning over others. Learning styles is new to me. All through high school and the first two years of college I have never heard of learning styles. I did know that I was more interested in a subject if a teacher/professor was lively, animated or just really excited about what they were teaching. I thought that’s how everyone else was. I was mistaken with that mindset. I took a couple of quizzes and learned that a few styles were my preferred method of learning. As written in Attribute advanogy. om (2004), There are seven main learning styles and they are: Visual (spatial), Aural (auditory), Verbal (linguistic), Physical (kinesthetic), Logical (mathematical), Social (interpersonal) and Solitary (intrapersonal). The tests that I took with Attribute (2004) and The Center for New Discoveries (2012), show that my preferred learning styles are verbal, aural, social and physical. My logical score was pretty high but it only showed up on one of the test results. The result are based on what I call the normal person standard, but I do not consider myself normal. Since that is the case, I will let you know if I agree with the results. Do I see myself as a verbal learner? Yes, because I love to talk and I like being able to get feedback instantly. I would rather give an oral presentation than type up a paper. If someone is lecturing on a subject, I will retain it easily if there is dialogue going back and forth in the class. The aural style I do not agree with as much because I can listen to music all day but if it is about school and it is something that I have to listen to, I will be going to sleep. I really enjoy touching things so the physical is a no brainer for me. I crave taking things apart to see how they work. As I said, I love to talk and I cannot talk to myself without being considered crazy, so yes, I am a social learner and I thrive off of others ideas. So, the tests got a three out of four which is not bad. Earning a college degree does not only hold the reward of monetary increase but it provides a sense of accomplishment and an example for our children who will be our future. Knowing how you learn best as an individual can help you know your shortcomings and prevent pitfalls and roadblocks on the road to a degree.

The Highest Ranked Small Business Accounting Software 2019

The best small business accounting software is going to be the package that is easiest for the small businessman to understand and use. That is a subjective decision and not one that a third party can determine for any individual. The best small business accounting software is going to be the product with the most features to one businessman, and the one with the simplest user interface will be best for the next guy. The top two products in 2017, according to the magazine PC World, were Quickbooks and Simply Accounting. Simply Accounting is deemed easier to use, while Quickbooks has a load of tutorials that come with its software. They also have three versions of the product, ranging from basic to deluxe. Prices for the Simply Accounting range from $50 to $500; Quickbooks is priced from $200 to $500. These two accounting software programs are not the only ones on the market that have a basic model with a couple of fancier iterations at higher prices. The shopping decision is going to be based, to some degree, on what features you need, which features you would like to have and which are overkill. .u677a72f09abe5e9713635988c72384b5 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u677a72f09abe5e9713635988c72384b5:active, .u677a72f09abe5e9713635988c72384b5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u677a72f09abe5e9713635988c72384b5 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u677a72f09abe5e9713635988c72384b5 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u677a72f09abe5e9713635988c72384b5 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u677a72f09abe5e9713635988c72384b5:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Making a Difference with Payroll AccountingSeveral online reviews of small business accounting products show the same names popping up over and over. Quickbooks and Simply Accounting are two of them. MYOB Business Essentials is a title that appears often and is available in both Mac and PC version: it is described as a double entry system. Peachtree is also a product line that usually appears near the top of the charts. Microsoft has a couple of products that are included in the small business accounting software category: their Small Business Manager line and at the low end, under $100, Microsoft Money. About.com is a website that is designed to provide consumer recommendations on products. There are many categories aimed at business software: for each they provide a top ten list. There are also articles there on how to go about choosing a small business accounting software program. The site makes it clear that its reviews have no relation to its sponsored links. Their top ten choices for small business accounting software are .u116e6ac19c575b556b2bd70fba4c8bba { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u116e6ac19c575b556b2bd70fba4c8bba:active, .u116e6ac19c575b556b2bd70fba4c8bba:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u116e6ac19c575b556b2bd70fba4c8bba { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u116e6ac19c575b556b2bd70fba4c8bba .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u116e6ac19c575b556b2bd70fba4c8bba .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u116e6ac19c575b556b2bd70fba4c8bba:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Your Financial Future with a Finance degree: Peachtree Complete MYOB Business Essentials Pro Quickbooks Pro NetSuite Small Business Accounting Cougar Mountain Microsoft Small Business Manager Simply Accounting Pro CYMA IV Accounting DacEasy Microsoft Money 2017 This is one set of recommendations. ZDnet, another big tech website that rates all sort of products, produced a list of small business accounting software that basically contained the same major names and ignored the lesser known lines such as Cougar Mountain and DacEasy. The two major players in accounting software for small business are Microsoft and Intuit, which produces Quickbook and other Quicken products. There are reasons to shop the major product lines. One of them is that most will link seamlessly to Word and Excel, two programs that every small business uses for multiple purposes. But understand that each has an assortment of business accounting packages. You need to study the features of each one in depth, and determine which one has the features that are right for your business. .ud4bfb54f33867a2a13a9eb9f5f06a2f0 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .ud4bfb54f33867a2a13a9eb9f5f06a2f0:active, .ud4bfb54f33867a2a13a9eb9f5f06a2f0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .ud4bfb54f33867a2a13a9eb9f5f06a2f0 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .ud4bfb54f33867a2a13a9eb9f5f06a2f0 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .ud4bfb54f33867a2a13a9eb9f5f06a2f0 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .ud4bfb54f33867a2a13a9eb9f5f06a2f0:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Financial Planning a Worthwhile CareerRelated ArticlesSmall Business Management and Accounting SoftwareUniversity of Phoenix Nursing School How to Combine the Best of Online and Campus-based LearningPerls Value Among Programming LanguagesOklahoma Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education in Oklahoma, the Sooner StateVirginia Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education in Virginia, the Old Dominion StateWhat Are Free Accounting Software Programs