Organisms & Diseases Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organisms & Diseases - Assignment Example This applies to both humans and animals. The first case of Ebola occurred in 1976. It happened through two simultaneous outbreaks, in Yambuku, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Nzara, Sudan. In DRC, it occurred in a village near Ebola River. This became the name of the disease. There are five known species of the Ebola virus: Reston, Sudan, Bundibugyo, Ivory Coast and Zaire (W.H.O 12). Ebola spreads among human population through close contact with secretions, blood, bodily fluids from infected animals and organs (W.H.O 12). Burial ceremonies that involve direct contact with the dead person play an important role in the spread of the disease. Infected semen can also transmit the disease for up to seven weeks after recovery. In Africa, infection spreads through handling of fruit bats, chimpanzees, monkeys and porcupines. The prevalence rate of Ebola is only monitored in a few countries: Uganda, Gabon, Sudan and Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Last year there was 1 case in Uganda having led to one death. In 2008, there were 44% fatalities out of 32 reported cases in DRC and in 2007 there were 25% fatalities out of the 149 reported cases in Uganda (W.H.O 12). The population increase and poverty have significantly contributed to the spread of this disease. This spread frequently occurs through retrogressive traditions like contact with deceased persons, irresponsible sexual behavior and poor sanitation. Most of the human-animal’s transmissions reflect the human wildlife conflict arising from population surge and detrimental policies of settlement and population control (W.H.O (a) 12). Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoa of Leishmania genus. This is a parasitic protozoon. It happens when humans are bitten by phlebotomine sand flies. These flies breed in caves, forests, and brick houses. It is in these places that they infect human beings. The disease occurs

Like Water for Chocolate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Like Water for Chocolate - Essay Example According to the De La Garza family tradition, the last-born daughter was not supposed to marry, or she would do so after taking care of her mother until her death. This role fell into the hands of Tita, who happened to be last born. As the family doctor, I pitied the role Tita had gotten as her birth right. It was a tradition that was both selfish, on the mother’s part, and denied Tita equal opportunities like her sisters’. Being a doctor from the United States of America, I saw this as a major infringement on Tita’s rights. When Tita fell in love with a young man named Pedro, I saw this as a chance for her to escape from traditional bondage. I was highly disappointed when Pedro was denied her hand in marriage because Mama Elena disallowed the marriage citing tradition that Tita can only marry after she is dead (Esquivel 78). According to my opinion, Mama Elena’s mistreatment and cruelty on Tita on numerous occasions, represents the same kind of treatment the civilians were receiving from the dictatorship, in governance (Esquivel 43). When Mama Elena imposed the marriage of Rosaura to Pedro, instead of Tita, strengthened my perception of the country’s leadership that was strongly rooted, in a tradition, which it used to oppress the civilians. I yearned for the day Tita would stand up to her mother and do as she wished. When Gertrudis run away and get banished by her mother, she had to come back as a general with the revolution (Esquivel 98). This gave me hope that it would be a sign to Tita, and other women, in Mexico that they can stand up against oppression and triumph. The day Tita stood up against her mother’s ghost and banished it, gave me a piece of mind since it showed me that she had acquired enough strength to be rid of her mother’s domination once and for all. The death of Roberto, Rosaura and Pedro’s son was a blessing in disguise because it gave me another chance at love. I fell in love

Kampung Desa Essay Example for Free

Kampung Desa Essay Life was a bed of roses for the villagers of Kampung Desa until a gang of robbers had fled from a police station near the village recently. They were on the most wanted list by the police since they had harmed victims before. Ever since their getaway, there had been abundant of reports involving robbery occurring in Kampung Desa. Most victims were unable to identify the culprits because they were wearing masks. The villagers of Kampung Desa had been warned by the police to stay on guard at all times. The villagers were beginning to worry. Some of them immediately installed home security alarms and grille to protect their homes. Due to this alert, the chief of the village, Pak Ali, had to take quick actions. He had no idea what to do. But he cannot give up because there is more than one-way to skin a cat. He discussed with all the villagers and made a conclusion to carry out patrols, which will take effect the following night. In order for this plan to work out, they need to unite and fight those robbers together. The chief also advised all villagers to inform the authorities of suspicious activities happening in their village. see more:forgiveness is divine On that night, a whistle was blown to call the men in the village to assemble in front of Pak Ali’s house. He divided them into groups. Each group will be on guard according to their shifts. They were very enthusiastic and promised not to sleep on the job. The chief noticed the absence of Pak Said, the village’s foreman. He was puzzled. Pak Said never missed any of the village’s activities even if he was ill. Pak Said is known to be very industrious. Pak Ali went over to Pak Said’s house. It was as dark as a dungeon. Pak Ali man up and knocked on the door. Pak Said opened the door with a sour face. Pak Ali greeted him with a warm smile and asked why he did not join the night patrol. Pak Said furiously mocked the patrol by saying it was a waste of time and a wildcat scheme. Pak Ali was willing to compromise with him if he wanted an earlier shift. Of course, that made Pak Said even more enraged. Pak Ali explained that it would be unfair if he lets Pak Said slip away without any sensible reason because all the other men had participated. Pak Said proudly exclaimed that he has three strong sons to watch over his family through thick and thin. Then, he slammed the door before Pak Ali could say anything. Eventually, Pak Ali had to give up. But deep inside his heart, he scorned Pak Said. Who would have thought that his best friend would be so arrogant and self-centered? How could such a man feel no remorse? Nobody knew the robbers were lurking in the dead of the night behind Pak Said’s house. Just as Pak Ali left his house, the robbers were already eyeing on the unlocked door. Pak Said had forgotten to lock his front door after talking to Pak Ali. Pak Said, his wife and his three sons were already sailing in the sea of dreams. This gave an opportunity for the robbers to easily enter his house without anybody’s acknowledgement. Unfortunately, the robbers did not find any valuable goods in the living room, kitchen, dining room nor the storeroom. They were dissatisfied and decided to use force. The careless Pak Said did not lock his bedroom door either. This was indeed like a warm welcome to the robbers. They managed to tie up his wife. He quickly became aware of the robbers. Thanks to his spinal reflex, he bolted out of the room when he had the chance and deliberately ran into his sons’ room. His sons attempted to ambush the robbers. However, the robbers outnumbered them and hit them with a vase until they were knocked out. Pak Said was filled with terror after witnessing the apples of his eyes battered. He was on thin ice at that moment. He had no other choice than to call for help from the patrols. He was wiling to sacrifice his pride for the safe keep of his family’s lives. He screamed for help. To his disbelief, someone heard him and spontaneously blew a whistle. A crowd of people ran toward Pak Said’s house. The robber were frightened of getting caught, so they deserted their loot and hastily ran away but the crowd was able to seize them in the nick of time and tied them to a pole. A stitch in time saves nine. Those brutal robbers could have taken the lives of Pak Said’s family. The police department was straight away notified. Pak Said dashed out of his house and begged someone to call for an ambulance because his sons were severely injured. Pak Ali, whom he ridiculed, called an ambulance even after Pak Said bad-mouthed him earlier. Pak Said was in awe. He was ashamed of what he had said to Pak Ali. He apologised to Pak Ali and all the other villagers for what he had said about them. He should have think before he speaks. He now perceived the real meaning of unity and is forever in great debt for what the villagers had done for him. They all forgave him because to err is human and to forgive is divine.

Causes and Effects of Teenage Smoking

Causes and Effects of Teenage Smoking INTRODUCTION We are all aware that teen smoking is becoming one of the most leading and real issue faced by many countries especially in the Philippines. For others, smoking is a kind of offense or a crime. But for the teens, this is just some sort of relaxation. Teens who start smoking as their habit can contribute their self in the increasing numbers of adult smokers in the future because young people are especially vulnerable to the pressure to start smoking. There are many reasons why young people smoke: lack of information about smoking; social pressure; peer pressure and many reasons to be discussed why youth choose to start smoking at their early ages. Smoking is found to be one of the causes of damage to nearly every organ system in the body. (The Effect of Smoking on Human Health, 2008). It is a major cause of heart attack and stroke. Smoking is a kind of addiction especially for teens where this habit is hard to break but it is their responsibility whether they will choose to continue o r to stop smoking. Although you may not think about the risks every time you smoke, smoking is not only dangerous; it is life-threatening. Teens must know what side effects smoking can bring to us. Thesis Statement Teen smoking is a hazard to life and it has become very common. Teen smokers and even the non smoker must realize the effects of smoking, the reasons why teenagers smoke and how well do we understand smoking. II. EFFECTS OF SMOKING This is what smoking affects your body. There’s no safe way to smoke, replacing your cigarette with cigar or pipe won’t help. Smoking affects you in many ways.( American Academy of Pediatrics,2010) Carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke takes oxygen from your body while many cancer-causing chemicals go in. Your teeth and nails turn yellow and disgusting and your breath stinks. You cannot taste or smell things very well. Nicotine, the main drug in tobacco, causes your heart to beat faster and work less effectively. Nicotine is highly addictive. Short-term and Long term Effects of Smoking Short-term effects of smoking includes: coughs, colds, bronchitis, pneumonia, and more frequent respiratory illnesses. Teens who exposed to second hand smoke has the possibility to have asthma, infections on the lower respiratory, rates of ear and eye infection are higher .This is why smokers often suffer shortness of breath and worrying coughs. They often tire quickly during physical activity. Long term effects of smoking includes cancer of the lungs and other part of the body and if smokers have wounds, it will not recover quickly compared to non-smokers and it also affect the immune system which help us to protect form different diseases. Can smoking affect our vision? Smoking is not only bad for our body it is also bad for our eyes because smoking can lead to different eye infections. Smoking is linked to increase the hazard of having eye blindness and people who smoke have double the risk of developing cataracts compared with non-smokers. The effects of cigarette smoking like heart disease, cancer, are very familiar but many of us don’t know that sight threatening vision and eye problems also exist. Quitting smoking is an effective way to lessen the different possible eye diseases you may occur. How Cigarettes cause cancer? The different substances in cigarettes can lead to many problems and especially can lead you to your death. When you inhale smoke, these chemicals enter your lungs and spread around the rest of your body. Smoking causes lung cancer. Lung cancer has one of the lowest survival rates of all cancers, and is the most common cause of cancer death. The good news is that, this health problem is preventable, by giving up smoking quickly. Smoking can also increase the risk of other cancers including cancers of thelarynx, esophagus, mouth, stomach, sinus and many more. Some of these cancers may lead to leukemia which will cause to death. It is also possible that smoking could increase the risk of breast cancer both in men and women, but whatever cancer you will have because of smoking, there’s still a chance or way to stop the risk of cancer in your body by giving up smoking, it’s the only way on how you can prevent of having cancers. How smokings affect our throat? Throat is also affected if you smoke. Heart disease, respiratory failure, lung cancer and throat cancer are equally dangerous. By exposing the larynx to the chemicals during inhalation will increase the risk of having throat cancer. Larynx is where the vocal cord is located which plays an important role in breathing, eating and speaking. Hoarseness of voice as well as difficulty in speaking, breathing and eating is an early symptom of throat cancer but you can immediately cure this if you stop cigarette smoking. Do all teenagers know the effects of smoking? Maybe they know or not or they just neglect it. Other teenagers are not educated well like the teens that came from a poor family or unable to go to school. They just know that if they smoke too much that is the time that will affect its body but they don’t know that every piece of cigarettes they smoke have the chemicals that affect its body and brain. These chemicals can cause immediate damage to the human body. Smoking is awful Teens who smoke are three times more likely than non smokers to use alcohol. Most teens would rather choose to have friends who do not smoke. You may not feel or smell smoke on you, but people who are with you can smell it. Kissing someone who smokes is like kissing an ashtray If you smoke, chances are people don’t want to be around you REASON WHY TEENS START SMOKING As we all known, smoking is perilous to our health. Smoking can cause cancers of the lungs, larynx, kidneys as well as death. Many teen smokers knows what’s the effect of smoking but why they keep smoking? There are several reasons why teens continue smoking in spite of imminence to their health. The main reason of teen smoking is the Peer Influence. They smoke because their friends do as it give them a sense of belonging, many adult smokers start smoking in their teenage days. Friends are with you whether you are in ups or down of your life. But, we must know who to friends too. Because friends can make our life happier but sometimes they become a bad influence to your lifestyle. Some teens can’t just say no to their friends. As a teenager we must learn how to say no to prevent scuffle of priorities and sometimes to prevent bad habits. Family Problems is another reason, not all teenagers came from a happy or stable family. Some teenagers are abused by their parents or parents who are separated or it’s either the both of them who has the problem that cause its broken family. Because of the problems at Home, teenagers may start smoking as a sign of resentment. They want to show to their parents that they are rebelling because of them, so they start smoking. Parents can influence their child to start smoking. in the way that their child see them smokes. Their child or teens may think that smoking is a good habit or a sign of being mature because their parents do. Parents should teach their child good habits but as their child see their bad habits; it is possible for the parents to have their child with a bad habit too. Boredom and Image. Boredom might be the reason why teenagers will start smoke because not all teenagers are involved on any sports or any organizations in their schools. That’s why they get bored at home and nothing else to do but to watch television, taking care of their siblings or go online and playing computer games. Because of this everyday’s piece of work they decided to do something new that will excites them. Smoking seems to be the answer. Because some teens think that if they smoke they will appear cool for others. They believe that it improves their self-image because nowadays to have a cool self image to others is important for many teenagers. And lastly, Stress. Stress is said to be one of the reasons why teens start smoking, it only means that teens think smoking can release stress and can relieved their weariness. That’s why the more teens feel stressed the longer they will smoke. Compared to non-smokers, smokers have higher levels of stress in life. Therefore, it is necessary to quit smoking to avoid some health issues that can arise from stress and fret. UNDERSTANDING SMOKING What I would like to do in this article is help us, as a teenager, to understand why so many teenagers start smoking. If we understand why teenagers start smoking, chances are we will not smoke. This research will provide us enough information that will enable teen smokers to discourage in using cigarette. Also, the result of this study will educate readers and enlighten the information about the negative effects of smoking to our health. According to Ginzel, M.D.(2003), each time you take a puff on a cigarette, you inhale 400 toxic chemicals like Nicotine (A drop of pure nicotine can kill.) Cyanide (a deadly poison) Benzene (used in making paints, dyes, and plastics) Formaldehyde (used to preserve dead bodies) Acetylene (fuel used in torches) and Ammonia (used in fertilizers) People around smokers (Second hand smoke) Second hand smokes is define as the smoke breathe out by a smoker, which inhale by a non smoker. Even if you don’t smoke, second hand smoke can also affect a non smoker health just by inhaling this kind of smoke. Smokers can implicate non smoker’s health just by being around them. Furthermore, the more you are around smoker the higher instance of having smoking-related disease. Second hand smoke affects the health as you inhale them, it means this smoke doesn’t just impact e teenager’s life in the near future in fact; it can affect the health right now. For example, a healthy child having his/her singing career who inhales second hand smoke could have nagging coughs and colds as nuisance for him/her. There are many reasons of smoking but effects of smoking to humans are the same which is to damage every organ in the body. Third Hand Smoke You may not see nor feel it, but smoke clings to hair, walls, beddings, carpets, dust, hair, skin, and furniture which is called third hand smoke. Even if you do not smoke, third hand smoke is also dangerous because it could be responsible for many health problems, including asthma attacks and allergic reactions. Third hand smoke cant be eliminated just by opening windows, using fans or air conditioners, removing dampness from rooms or constraining smoking to only certain areas of a home. The only way to protect non smokers from third hand smoke is to create a smoke-free environment or smoke in public places where people are far away from you. Population of Teen Smokers Teen smoking cigarettes a hazard to life have become very common. The number of teen smokers is getting larger and larger every day just because smoking becomes a growing trend in the youth community. Smoking has many short term or long term effects on its users. Many adult smokers start while they are still teens and still continue and decided not to stop it. Smoking is a very addictive habit especially for the teens, there’s no other way to prevent these harmful effects but to stop cigarette smoking. Teen Smoking -some facts Cigarette smoking is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced. (World Health Organization, 2014) Teen smokers are more likely to have panic attacks, anxiety disorders and depression. 1 of 5 teenagers who are addicted to cigarettes smokes 13-15 a day. 90 percent of smokers began before the age 21. Smoking can age skin faster, second only to the effect sun exposure has on giving premature wrinkles On average, smokers die 13 to 14 years earlier than non smokers. Benefits of quitting smoking for teenagers Quitting smoking can be a very big help to your lifestyle and especially to your health. As a teenager you still have a time to quit smoking, for you to gain your healthy lifestyle again. The sooner you quit smoking, the more you have the confidence that the risk of getting cancer will be lessened or if you have some serious diseases it is possible that it will heal faster because of quitting smoking. You are no longer prone to smoking- related disease if you stop smoking and if this happen you will enjoy your life without worrying and you will have more time for your loved ones. Maybe 2 in 3 teen smokers want to stop smoking because of the problems they have right now. Some people can’t give up easily; the most important aspect on giving up smoking is determination. At the end, you’re the only one who will decide whether you will stop smoking or not because it is your own body who will experience different illnesses. For teen smokers, it is important to remember some things that will help them hamper their bad habits. Maintaining to have a good health of your family, friends and loved ones are the best motivator for you to quit smoking. Here are some health benefits when you quit smoking: It will helps you breathe easier Quitting smoking will make your lifespan longer Ex-smokers is possible to have wither teeth Sense of smell and taste will improve if you stop smoking Stop smoking for younger and healthy skin Stop smoking to have more energy for your work, sports, friends and other activities. Quitting smoking to protect your loved ones from third hand and second hand smoke Conclusion Teen smoking is a hazard to life and it has become very common. Smoking can affect not only a smoker’s health even the non-smoker around him/her. Non smoker are suffering from different illnesses like nose and eye infections, coughs, colds and headaches. It is because of second hand smoke they inhale, even if teen smokers think that smoking can relieved stress and perceived that it helps them to relax, they don’t know that many chemicals from cigarettes are coming inside to their body, there are many negative effects of smoking which can cause damage to your health and it is not only a health threat for the smokers, but for the non smoker too. Smoking distracts many people and it’s because of their unhealthy habits. Smokers should quit, stopping the increasing numbers of smoker and for us to have a healthy environment. References Unknown. (2014). Youth Smoking. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_smoking Unknown. (2014). Health Effects of Tobacco. Retrieved from From http://www.tobaccofreemaine.org/channels/parents/learn_more_about_health_effects.php Anonymous. (2010). Tobacco Smoking. Retrieved from http://eschooltoday.com/drug-abuse-and-teens/teens-and-tobacco-smoking.html Anonymous. (2010). Tean Smoking. Retrieved from http://www.newportacademy.com/health-and-well-being/teen-smoking/ Unknown. (2014) Effects of Smoking Retrieved from http://www.champixonlineuk.com/effects-of-smoking.html Hyde, M. O., Setaro, J. F. (2006). Smoking 101: An overview for Teen. New York, NY: Twenty-First Century Books McMillan, D. (1998). Teen Smoking: Understanding the Risk. San Francisco, CA: Enslow Moe, B. A. (2000). Teen Smoking and Tobacco Use: A Hot Issue. Pennyslavania, PA: Enslow Slovic, P. (2001). Smoking risk, perception, and policy. New York, NY: SAGE Publications Torr, J. D. (2001) Smoking. New York, NY: Greenhaven Press

The Peloponnesian War :: essays research papers fc

The Peloponnesian War Is war inevitable? It appears that the answer to this question is yes. However, war is unpredictable and must be studied based on individual circumstances, actions taken, and reactions. States disagree with each other on many subjects and conflicts arise often. To answer this question, we must first examine the causes of a conflict, evaluate the outcome and determine any alternatives that may exist. Then we can analyze some alternative theoretical outcomes compared to the actual conclusions. The Peloponnesian War provides an excellent example to be evaluated. The following gives a brief history of the war, causes of the war, and the importance of its study. In the case of the Peloponnesian War, we have two equal but different powers in control of Greece and the surrounding area. Athens and Sparta as allies gained independence from the Persians in 480 BC. Athens with a democratic rule expanded by using the surrounding waterways for trade and developing a great navy. Sparta with an oligarchic rule settled in by developing a thriving agriculture community and a land based army. Civil war occurs in Epidamnus with two sides, democratic and oligarchic. The democrats requested assistance from Athens. If Athens chooses to get involved, she breaks the truce with Sparta. If she does not, the balance of power leans towards Sparta and her allies. Sparta already feared Athens’ growing power. Therefore, Sparta needed to check Athens’ control of the region. The need to keep a balance of power is the main reason of the Peloponnesian War. Thucydides attains that Sparta’s fear of Athenian rule provided an unavoidable path to war. Athens controlled about half of the city-states; dominated much of the trade; and maintained a strong navy. Sparta kept a strong army and retained equal allies but was primarily an agriculture state. Athens’ ability to maneuver on the sea provided opportunities to expand her power, and this alarmed Sparta. Since Sparta is concerned by Athens’ growing power, Sparta waits for a way to be able to stop the expansion. When an opportunity comes for war against Athens, Sparta is not very reluctant and could even be considered eager to enter an altercation. Pericles leadership appeared sound but may have over reached the power of Athens. Pericles convinced the Athenians that allowing allied states to become free was a sign of weakness. In addition, he convinced them that Sparta was no match and could not win a long-term war against the great Athenian navy.

Effective Foreshadowing in Flannery O’Connor’s Greenleaf Essay

Effective Foreshadowing in Flannery O’Connor’s Greenleaf â€Å"Mrs. May’s bedroom window was low and faced on the east and the bull, silvered in the moonlight, stood under it, his head raised as if he listened- like some patient god come down to woo her- for a stir inside her room. The window was dark and the sound of her breathing too light to be carried outside. Clouds crossing the room blackened him and in the dark he began to tear at the hedge. Presently they passed and he appeared again in the same spot, chewing steadily, with a hedge-wreath that he had ripped loose for himself caught in the tips of his horns. When the moon drifted into retirement again, there was nothing to mark his place but the sound of steady chewing. Then abruptly a pink glow filled the window. Bars of light slid across him as the venetian blind was split. He took a step backward and lowered his head as if to show the wreath across his horns.† (311) An analysis of the introductory paragraph of Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"Greenleaf† reveals how diction and text structure foreshadow Mrs. May’s fate and create a...

Recommendation Letter Essay

Z, one of the most outstanding students at our school I have ever had, is definitely brilliant enough to be admitted to most prestigious universities in China such as Peking University and Tsinghua University. He is the top student in the honor class, which taught top students the most rigorous and advanced courses. He ranked the top 20 out of 1650 during final examinations and kept 4. 0 GPA. Now that he is determined to apply to American university, I will be more than willing to write the recommendation letter in support of him. As a top student that had much insight in learning new theories or problems, he could always put forward certain good questions when I was giving lectures. Though the answer to these questions are often exactly the points that I would put forward later even if he didn’t ask them, the effect of interaction-based learning is much better than one-way teaching because through interaction students will have deeper impression and understanding in the knowledge they learned. He also enhanced the academic excellence in class by competing friendly with other top students. I was impressed when he competed with his friend in becoming the first student that arrived in classroom to study every morning and avoid lie-in. Their competence invoked other students to get up earlier too and create a better studying atmosphere. He was also excellent in group works, especially in which he worked together with students who fell behind. I could always see him explain questions patiently to other students and assigned the work mission in an appropriate way that everyone had the ability to finish theirs while also learn something useful. On the whole, George is student who can not only top in study himself but also inspire others to work together and create academic excellence, so I sincerely offer you my highest recommendation of him and hope that he will be admitted by his dream school, your university. And I also expect he will work hard as usual to make further achievements and to bring a credit to his teacher and the school. Sincerely yours, Head Teacher