Psychotherapy Main Concepts Essay

                       When we study human behavior, specifically focusing on the development of personality and crucial to how a person or individual conducts him/herself, psychology offers a variety of dimensions. The concept of personality is central to our attempt to understand ourselves and others and is part of the way in which we account for the differences that contribute to our individuality. Psychologists have been particularly concerned with shaping of the personality in relation to genetic and environmental influences. We have been fortunate that the study of human personality has been thriving and fruitful. We can choose from as many models we can to help us see ourselves better and maintain good relationships (Atkinson et al., 2000).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     For the thrust that this paper is taking, I wish to mention then my views individually, on Behavioral, Cognitive-Behavioral, Psychoanalytic, and the Existential, Humanistic perspectives. The Behavioral   model utilizes what is termed as the learning theory posited by Skinner and Watson and the rest of the Behaviorism school. It assumes that the principles in learning i.e., conditioning (Associative and Operant) are effective means to effect change in an individual. Generally, the thrust of this theoretical perspective is focused on the symptoms that a person is experiencing. Just as many of the errors of the patterns of behavior come from learning from the environment, it is also assumed that an individual will be able to unlearn some if not all these by using the techniques as applied based on the learning principles. To a certain extent I believe that this still works: reinforcements are effective to some extent and in some or many people hence I am incorporating this stance separate or distinct from the Cognitive-Behavioral approach.   In behavior therapy therefore, thoughts, feelings and all those â€Å"malfunctioning† and unwanted manifestations revealed in one’s activities can be unlearned and the work of a behavior therapist. The basic concepts include â€Å"extinguishing† – utilized when maladaptive patterns are then weakened and removed and in their place habits that are healthy are established (developed and strengthened) in a series or progressive approach called â€Å"successive approximations. When these (factors) are reinforced such as through rewards in intrinsic and extrinsic means, the potential of a more secure and steady change in behavior is developed and firmly established (Corey, 2004). – Cognitive-Behavioral therapy. In the cognitive approach alone, the therapist understands that a client or patient comes into the healing relationship and the former’s role is to change or modify the latter’s maladjusted or error-filled thinking patterns. These patterns may include wishful thinking, unrealistic expectations, constant reliving and living in the past or even beyond the present and into the future, and overgeneralizing. These habits lead to confusion, frustration and eventual constant disappointment. This therapeutic approach stresses or accentuates the rational or logical and positive worldview: a viewpoint that takes into consideration that we are problem-solvers, have options in life and not that we are always left with no choice as many people think. It also looks into the fact that because we do have options then there are many things that await someone who have had bad choices in the past, and therefore can look positively into the future. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy postulated primarily by Ellis and Beck â€Å"facilitates a collaborative relationship between the patient and therapist.† With the idea that the counselor and patient together cooperate to attain a trusting relationship and agree which problems or issues need to come first in the course of the therapy. For the Cognitive Behaviorist Therapist, the immediate and presenting problem that the client is suffering and complaining from takes precedence and must be addressed and focused in the treatment. There is instantaneous relief from the symptoms, and may be encouraged or spurred on to pursue in-depth treatment and reduction of the ailments where possible (Corey, 2004). – Psychoanalytic therapy. The Psychodynamic perspective is based on the work of Sigmund Freud. He created both a theory to explain personality and mental disorders, and the form of therapy known as psychoanalysis. The psychodynamic approach assumes that all behavior and mental processes reflect constant and often unconscious struggles within the person. These usually involved conflicts between our need to satisfy basic biological instincts, for example, for food, sex or aggression, and the restrictions imposed by society. Not all of those who take a psychodynamic approach accept all of Freud’s original ideas, but most would view abnormal or problematic behavior as the result of a failure to resolve conflicts adequately. Many of the disorders or mental illnesses recognized today without a doubt have their psychodynamic explanation aside from other viewpoints like that of the behaviourist, or the cognitivists. From simple childhood developmental diseases to Schizophrenia, there is a rationale that from Freud’s camp is able to explain (Kaplan et al, 1994). – The Existential approach, as put forward by Nietzsche, Kierkegaard, Sartre, Heidegger, Rollo May, and Frankl, believes that the individual’s potential may lie dormant but that it is there waiting to be ushered in time. It recognizes that man is able to achieve great heights and that these are just waiting to be tapped not only by him/herself but that also when helped by a practitioner who is persuaded of this notion. It examines such major issues as free will and the challenges of exercising this free will, the issue of mortality, loneliness and in general, the meaning of life. The Therapy is effective when the practitioner works with elderly care and death and dying issues. It focuses on the individual needs but takes into consideration the significant relationships and the meanings they bring into the person’s life. Transcending the issues and problems are primary intentions of the therapist at the same time being realistic that certain limitations do exist and may hinder the process of recovery (Corey, 2004). –Humanistic therapy. Allport, Bugental, Buhler, Maslow Rollo May, Murphy, Murray, Fritz Perls and Rogers are those that helped usher in the Humanistic theory and consequent therapy. It holds in view the individual as possessing the options or freedom to choose, creativity, and the capability to attain a state where he/she is more aware, freer, responsible and worthy of trust. Because the human mind has immense potential, the approach assesses as well that forces from the environment bear on with the individual and depending on the interplay that occurs within the individual person, the result will either be destructive or constructive to the person. In sum, humanism takes into the perspective that essentially humans are good and not evil, and that the therapy facilitates by harnessing on the human potential through the development of interpersonal skills. This results to an enhanced quality life and the individual becomes an asset rather than a liability to the society where he revolves in (Corey, 2004). Reference:   Atkinson, R.L., R.C. Atkinson, E.E Smith, D.J. Bem, and S. Nolen-Hoeksema. Introduction to Psychology. 13th Ed. New York: Harcourt College Publishers, 2000. Corey, Gerald, 2004. Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. Thomson Learning, USA. Kaplan, HI, BJ Saddock and JA Grebb. 1994. Kaplan and Saddock’s Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences clinical psychiatry. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins.

Production Lay-outs

Product layout or assembly line is designed to handle products that are manufactured using specialized machines in an assembly line (Product lay-out).   Each line is designed to address specific requirements of a product line in a sequential manner.   There is a smooth flow of production (i.e. conveyor-supported) from one specialized machine to another which is desirable in mass production where demand is predictable while volumes are high.   This type of layout, therefore, is fitted in producing consumer products for a general market rather than producing for several segments of the market. The advantages of the product layout are its order and efficient processes that can lead to faster customer response and less demand on lead times.   It also promotes cheap labor because skill requirements are low that causes relaxation of high salaries.   Although this layout is efficient and easy to use, it is highly inflexible because a change in one assembly line can lead bottleneck in its production.   Further, in product development, acquiring a whole new set of machines and working area is necessary to address specific requirements of the product.   When demand is low, the assets can be underutilized. As it produces ships and airplanes, fixed position layout is a technique applied to vulnerable, hard-to-move and specialized products (Layout and Flow).   Factors of production (e.g. labor, machine, equipments and tools) are required to meet in a single production location to handle manufacturing tasks there. It is customary to leave machines in the site when not used to prevent breakage or damaged in addition to the costly transportation required for pull-out and getting back to the site. Further, to minimize the high capital in acquiring new machines, most companies are using contractual leases because their use of the machines is under limited time frame.   Its advantages are reduced movement of machines that aids in minimizing risk of damage or lost and continuity of processes because the need for re-planning is reduced as people meet in one place.   However, some of its disadvantages include are higher salaries as workers must have specific skills to finish the project, movement of people/ machines to site can be very costly and idle machines can have low utilization because they remain idle rather use for productive means when the production is at cease. Unlike fixed position, functional or process layout distinguish the work group into different departments that give rise to different and distinct workstations (Facility layout).   As production is intermittent and batched, functional layout is compatible in serving different market segments that have highly differentiated needs.   Compared to product layout, volumes are considerably low while the demand can fluctuate considerably from one period to another.   There is specialization in functional layout such as separation of men, women and children's clothes in a department store. Machines in this layout are for general use while workers are knowledgeable on how to operate machines within their station.   The advantage of this layout is opposite the disadvantage of product layout (i.e. flexibility) while the vice versa is also true (i.e. functional layout is inefficient).   Disadvantages such as backtracking, bottlenecks and delays are common.   Further, the storage rooms for raw materials are huge while inventories of the finished products are low because they are immediately delivered to customers.   The critical issue to consider in this layout is to find the relationship of each station to machine centers to establish a more space-efficient design between them. To address the issue to space-efficiency between stations and machine centers, cellular layout is idealized to combine the advantages of product and functional layouts (i.e. efficiency and flexibility).   Cells represent a workstation that produces similar customer requirements.   A machine that cannot be allocated in space is strategically located between cells that require machine processing to create a point of use.   The usual design is that the assembly line is observed in producing components and parts while process layout take-over the relationship of each component-producing cell. With the use of information systems, locating cells and identifying idle machines can be easily carried out.   Resulting to substantial paperwork to maintain the cellular layout, workers can also operate machines within their departments like functional layout.   Its advantages are reduction in material handing and transit time, minimal set-up time, minimized work-in-progress, efficient use of human capital, control and automation.   On the other hand, it can have backlash such as absence of sufficient number of part stations to create cells, imbalanced cells, more training and strict allocation of workers and increased capital expenditure. Justification of the most appropriate layout Although challenging to establish, the current environment and production needs of Manychip should use cellular layout.   First, its plant and sales channels are located in developed economies where quality and expensive human resources are dwelling.   Second, it operates in a highly volatile demand that can be easily affected by environmental changes that flexibility is required to prevent cost associated with over-forecasting.   Third, it is carrying only six main memory chip products which likely have significant similarities in design and internal parts.   This will enable creation of cells because the number of stations is sufficient. Fourth, its operations in asset-intensive while its depreciation can significantly affect its profitability.   When cellular layout is adopted, assembly lines can efficiently produce component parts for the six product lines which will prevent idle machines.   On the other hand, functional layout are flexible that can be applied when orders are placed and products are ready for final assembly.   Fifth, the production of Manychip requires high lead times which can be minimized when applied with cellular manufacturing as components are ready to undergo assembly once order is in place. On having greater agility, Manychip will not loose quality systems because specific stations are under stand-by mode that can be called if random quality test is necessary.   With the consideration of the three conditions, approval of cellular layout is very necessary.   Different components can create cells, the administrative group can act like a quality group in which case a station can be brought up for them near their respective process interests and shipment in different geographical location can be addressed by timely delivery of products.   However, Manychip must consider that substantial funding is required to establish a hybrid strategy such as cellular manufacturing.   It must also monitor its product development programs to prevent dissolution of important cells. References Product lay-out (unknown). UWM. Available   [Accessed on 6 August 2007] Facility layout (unknown). SNC. Available from ;http://www.snc.edu/socsci/chair/333/bricks/Layout.html; [Accessed on 6 August 2007] Layout and Flow (1997). Pearsoned. Available [Accessed on 6 August 2007] ; ; ;

Cyber Monday & Giving Tuesday †Deep Discount Extended 48 Hours Left!

Cyber Monday & Giving Tuesday Deep Discount Offered 48 Hours Only – ACT NOW! The break over this past weekend provided us a collective pause from our busy norms to focus on the â€Å"whys† rather than the â€Å"whats† of life – to be thankful for what we have, and consider sharing our blessings with others. As we return to routine work, we have an opportunity to make a difference for others. The Tuesday following Thanksgiving is a day the world has come to recognize over the last six years as a global day of giving back. On this day our site has decided to further GIVE back to our clients. This is our way of saying â€Å"THANK YOU† to our clients. Even though, Cyber Monday is over but there is still time to make a saving with our Cyber Monday offers! Place your order now and get up to 20% off your essay, DISSERTATION or RESEARCH PAPER in the next 48 Hours. This Sales ends on November 30th, 2017 at mid-night, so ACT NOW. Use the following code to get 20% off your order: CYBER20 If you want to make the most of the sale, kindly reply to this email with the details of your assignment, or go to our website and place an order with us. Giving can mean something different to everyone. To learn more about how you can help, we encourage you to check with you local charities in your area. Two resources in particular that we have become fond of over the years include WikiPedia and Red Cross, so please consider GIVING them some donation as you deem appropriate.

Harry Mulisch's The Assault Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Harry Mulisch's The Assault - Essay Example The novel essentially explores the sides of human beings that one would not normally observe in normal circumstances. This applies equally to the protagonist of the story as well as to the other characters that have been woven around his story. The author powerfully depicts how the actions of a few individuals in a short span of time end up impacting lives beyond measure. The characters are shown interwoven together at the beginning of the novel as they all live in proximity of each other but a single event changes the lives of these people by a large degree. The protagonist Anton is shown as being impacted the most by the murder of the police chief Ploeg as his family is executed by the Nazis in retaliation. The protagonist can be seen struggling with the newly emerging realities after the death of his family not just for a few years but for the entire span of his life. There is also a certain morality to the novel where morality and ethics have been tainted with a clear dose of rel ativism. (Complete Review) Given the circumstances of the day, the novel clearly depicts that morality was more of a paradox than a clear and blatant reality. The characters present in the novel are worth looking into because the author has used interplay amongst them to fully define the entire story. 2. Background The novel has been set out in the last days of the Third Reich as German control was collapsing on Europe. The story reflects the state of affairs throughout most of Europe and the common dilemma of whose side one should be on. On the one hand the Germans are still strongly in control of certain areas such as Netherlands (where the story has been created) and on the other hand the influence of the Allies and the communists in defeating the Nazis is undeniable. It is clear that it would only be a matter of time before the Nazis are taken down in Europe but for the moment the locals are caught between both groups. The resistance present in various countries around mainland Europe is depicted as rather irresponsible because their actions are not well thought out in terms of the impacts on the lives of ordinary people. Hence there is a clear line between Nazi supporters and opposition but the local populace is caught in the middle with nowhere to go. Moreover as the grip of the Nazis is loosening, they spare no effort to subjugate and brutalize the population in order to retain a dominating influence. Within these circumstances, the murder of the local police chief, Fake Ploeg (who is a strong Nazi collaborator) by members of the Dutch resistance trigger the deaths of Anton’s family. (Mars Hill Audio) The same dilemma talked about earlier is brought into play by the author and the rest of the story is built upon these foundations. The major characters of the novel are the protagonist Anton, his brother Peter and his parents the Steenwijk’s, the Beumers who are family friends, the Aarts’ who live close by and are hiding a Jewish fami ly, Fake Ploeg the police chief who is murdered, Fake Ploeg Jr. the son of Fake Ploeg, the assassin of Fake Ploeg and Mr. Korteweg and his daughter Karin who tries to save his lizards by dumping the body of Fake Ploeg in front of the Steenwijk household. A discussion of the characters is presented below in order to appreciate the agency and responsibility of the characters and their overall contribution to the story. 3. Characters 3.1. The Protagonist – Anton â€Å"

Thermodynamics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thermodynamics - Assignment Example The idea of making a bag that would keep the pizza hot for as long as it remains in it is built on the possibility of creating an isolated system. Once an isolated system is created, the first law guarantees that the energy (heat is a form of energy) will remain constant inside the system, which means whatever is in the bag will have a constant temperature, since temperature is a measure of heat. Another way to phrase the first law of thermodynamics is: "energy can neither be created nor destroyed," given that the isolated system is one that does not allow energy nor matter to cross its boundary it is easy to see how an isolated system can keep its temperature constant. Another way to put it is that energy's ability to do work always decreases. In terms of heat, work is done by heat's transition, and so for the energy's ability to do work to decrease (i.e. for entropy to increase) the systems would reach their maximum entropy when they have the same temperature, which would mean that they will no longer be able to exchange heat between them and therefore would not be able to do work. As isolated systems, the pizza bag's entropy increases, however the pizza bag and the surroundings together have an entropy that does not increase, this does not violate the second law of thermodynamics since it states that only entropy of an isolated system can increas

Why should the school day be extened Research Paper

Why should the school day be extened - Research Paper Example The report suggested that the American education system needed an improvement of time, content and expectations, in order to be effective. Different States had different opinions regarding the issue of extending the school day, with some opposing it and some supporting it (Aronson, Simmerman, & Carols, 1998). Currently, numerous research studies keep showing that America is not a world leader in educating children. Numerous reports also support these claims by showing where the country has failed. Over the decades, there has been insignificant improvement shown by the National Assessment of Education Progress. The success disparity between the white and black children is getting wider, as SAT scores keep getting worse. All these factors are majorly attributed to the fact that school days are not as long as required. This paper will discuss why the school day should be extended, giving the advantages of making such a move. The school day should be extended, so that school going childr en can be adequately prepared for the tough world of work that they will face after leaving school. According to Chmelynski (2006), the classroom can be used to make the modern work place more relevant by asssuring employers that school leavers are adequately prepared to deal with difficult work situations. ... These students are the same ones who will become workers once they leave school. If they are expected to work long hours, they need to be prepared for that from an early age, while still in school (Silva, 2007). Recently, United States President, Barrack Obama, was quoted as saying that spending more time in school could help students of this generation to compete effectively with their international peers. The President proposed that this could be achieved by extending the duration of time that American children spend in class, or lessening the amount of time spent on summer vacations. Such a move, according to the American President, would effectively prepare them for the economy of the 21st century. The short amount of time spent by American children in class puts the country at an economic disadvantage compared to other countries with longer school days. According to Silva (2007), American children were found to spend very little time in school, compared to all other regions of t he world. Japan is the country whose children spend the most number of days in school, in a year. They spend up to 243 days a year, as opposed to American children who only spend an average of 180 days a year in school. This makes the American children incapable of effectively competing with students from other countries. For this reason, the school day should be extended (Aronson, Simmerman, & Carols, 1998). With extended school days, administrators have the ability to ensure that the children are given a well-rounded education. This is in the sense that, today, as a result of short school days, many schools continually sacrifice important aspects of education such as physical education, arts and social studies,

International Strategic Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

International Strategic Marketing - Essay Example ..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 Mergers and acquisitions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..10 Entering India through acquisitions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..11 Probable risks associated with acquisition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 Recommended strategies to combat the issues†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..14 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..19 Introduction With levels of globalization soaring high, every company is now trying to enter into different markets to increase its scope and reach out to a higher number of customers worldwide. This paper aims at taking the example of one such national company and identifying the best market entry method. The company selected here for the purpose of international strategy analysis is UK clothing giant- Primark. The selection of Primark is based on certain grounds. First of all, the industry which it operates in is fast booming across the world and capturing the most attention in terms of eased entry norms and regulatory frameworks by developing nations. Secondly, the history of Primark encourages to study its international disposition till date and to apply it further in the context of a well planned future strategic plan. It ha d embarked upon organic growth in its home country Ireland but resorted to acquisitions when entering into UK. This makes Primark worth analysis and correlates its current foreign entry strategies with that of future plans and identifies strengths and possible gaps and suggests ways to mitigate them. The paper firstly begins with an overview of the company. Here the main aim is to identify what the company deals with and to identify the potential markets for the company. This is then followed by the potential markets that the company can choose to enter into. Here once this has been identified, details of the best market entry method are then discussed. As in the case of any market entry method, there are a number of possible issues that will be encountered. Hence these issues and problems are further discussed along with providing strategies to overcome these issues and problems. On the whole the paper will detail a market entry plan for a company. The chosen company here is Primar k. Firstly it is crucial to gain a clear overview of the company. Overview of company History Primark was started way back in 1969 under the name of Penneys in Ireland. The company has worked its way up and has been able to be known for its continuing success. The company has grown from a simple first store Penneys in Ireland to the latest flagship store in Liverpool. The company showed immense success in the

Business plan of shop for quality and well designed jewelry, shoes, Essay

Business plan of shop for quality and well designed jewelry, shoes, earrings, handbags - Essay Example Of all the factors that have initiated the high demand for cloths in the global market, technological improvement contributes approximately 60% of the total sales (Joshi, 2005). Based on the effectiveness of the online selling techniques in terms of expanding the customers base, companies that have gone global emulates e-commerce and social sites such as face book and twitter to market their products. Being focused to meet the increased demand for women wears, we are establishing a business referred to as Shoesholic enterprises (Gartner, 1985). Shoesholic allows working women and young ladies in colleges to shop for quality and well designed jewelry, shoes, earrings as well as handbags right from our outlets. It is essential to note that selling a modern and well fitting outfit that makes women feel special is our purpose. Shoesholic aims to make celebrities as well as other women to feel proud and enjoy the red carpet treatment. This achievement is based our commitment to emulate pr oduct diversification that entails products that comes with a personalized services and styles that are only experienced by celebrities (Richard, 2010). In our research we have realized that women can shop for their shoes anywhere. But unless a lady customer walks into a high priced boutiques located in Major UK cities, they cannot get personalized services during their shopping. We are therefore determined to end this buying pattern by providing online offers that offers personalized attention to all our women customers (Needham, 1996). This paper analyses our business plan by discussing our main business objectives, strategies, finances and other major aspects that Shoesholic will adopt to retain a competitive edge. Mission statement The mission of Shoesholic is to sell high quality women outfits that include leather bags, jewelry and shoes among others. Based on our affordable prices, we are aimed at attracting large number of customers regardless of their social and economic sta tus. As a way of enhancing a positive product-customer relationship, we are setting up a physical shop in UK (Abell, 2009). In this way, all the customers’ queries and feedback will be received thus ensuring that our products meet the needs of every customer. Shoesholic is focused at proving adequate and regular training to all employees as a way of ensuring that they acquire relevant skills to deal with the customers. This is a key role that our customer care department under the leadership of an external public relationship officer will undertake. Objectives of Shoesholic 1) To increase the company sales by 60% in the next five years. 2) To open at least 50 retail outlets in various parts of the world in the next five years as a way of effectively serving our customer base. 3) To increase monthly wages or employees by 50% in the next 2 years. This will improve their productivity thus enhancing the profitability of Shoesholic. 4) To

Meditations on First Philosophy by Ren Descartes Essay

Meditations on First Philosophy by Ren Descartes - Essay Example For the first mediation, the philosopher realizes that throughout his life he has accepted great many falsehoods as truth and based since he judged their validity through his senses. However he has realized that his senses are not objective and can easily be deceived or manipulated, thus for him to find the ultimate truth that cannot be questioned, he needs must deconstruct everything he has learnt so far. He decides them to demolish all his former beliefs and assertions upon which doubt can be cast and start afresh with, what he can be sure can be verified as true beyond any doubt. However, the mediator does not examine for doubt his former believes individually, he puts them together and questions their authenticity by introspecting on the method by which he formed these conclusions. Ultimately, he realizes that the conclusions on which he has based opinions were formed by means of senses he admits that human senses are on the large quite sturdy. At most, they are only likely to mi sconceive when it comes to small far away object; he acquiesces to the fact that his senses have in the past played him false on several occasions. Bearing that in mind, he concludes that t would be unwise, nonetheless, to trust wholly anything has proven capable of deception in the past. Ergo, Descartes creates enough reason and justification to put into doubt what he has learnt through the five human senses, which are also the primary method by which scientific data is collected. As he is creating this line of thought, the philosopher seated by the fire realizes that by virtue of the fact he can feel the warmth of the fire and determine that he is awake and alert. However, this reasoning is easily challenged under the theory of doubt; he says that although he uses the fire to determine he is awake, even when he is dreaming, he experiences similar sensations to the ones he is currently feeling. Descartes also argues that even in matters of simple arithmetic and geometry, it is poss ible to be misguided and deceived; he presumes that since he at times assumes that others may be wrong in a matter in which they believe are right, such may still be applied to him by a higher being. As such, it is possible when he adds two and two to find four or when he counts four sides in a square; it is possible he is being deceived. The superior being in this case would be God who is supposed to be all good and all-powerful; if his existence is real, then it translates that the simple perceptions such as arithmetic problems should be real. However, that would only be true under the premises that God does indeed exist and possess the aforementioned attributes, the other option would be that God is capable of deliberately deceiving us or that he does not exist. Under the premises of his nonexistence, it would then mean that man is controlled and manipulated by another being, which postulates could be an evil genius, as opposed to, a supremely good God or possibly in his place. H e thus determines that in consideration of such occurrences being true, in his mediation he would suspend his believes on the authenticity of even these elementary truths. Such are the basic parts that make up the universe such as colors shapes and numbers viewing them as â€Å"nothing but bedeviling hoaxes of my dreams†, which the deceiver can lay snares for his skepticism. The second mediation serves to develop

Amir as the Narrator Essay Example for Free

Amir as the Narrator Essay The novel The Kite Runner is narrated by the main character, Amir. The novels follows Amir’s struggling path from adolescence to manhood. Amir tells the story of his life growing up in Kabul with his father, Baba and their two Hazara servants Hassan and Ali. Hassan is Amir’s half brother and best friend growing up; testing friendships, keeping secrets, accepting faults and gaining understanding. The two spent many years enjoying playing and kite fighting together as brothers. Amir describes his relationship with Hassan as very close and personal; he enjoys learning and growing with Hassan even though Hassan is considered below him in their society; expected to be a servant to Amir, not a companion. Although Hassan and Amir’s relationship seemed unbreakable, the winter of 1975 changed everything. Amir tells us of the major â€Å"kite fighting† competition that happens every year with all the local kids. Soon after Amir wins the competition that year, tragedy occurs with Hassan in a back alley, he is raped by a neighborhood boy, Assef. Amir witnesses this and tells no one about it. This later unravels the relationship between him and Hassan resulting in Hassan and Ali leaving Amir and Baba’s home. Throughout the novel, Amir is completely changed from this event. Throughout the book Amir struggles to be the son his father, Baba wants him to be. He feels that his father burdens Amir with the death of his mother because she died giving birth to Amir. Amir tells how Baba is very critical of him and makes him feel as though he can never reach his father’s expectations. Amir feels as though he needs to fight with Hassan for his father’s approval. Although he never had an ideal relationship with Baba, Amir loves and respects him to the fullest. Baba guides Amir through life helping him in becoming the best man he can be. Later in the novel Amir realizes how much he appreciated Baba.

Teamwork In Hospitality Industry

Teamwork In Hospitality Industry You have recently joined a large organisation as an assistant to the Human Resource Manager. The Manager, Jayne Staines is very concerned about the way that the staffs do not appear to be working effectively as a team, relying more on individual effort. Jayne has decided to run a series of seminars on team effectiveness and has asked you to research into the operation of teams within the Tourism and Hospitality industry. The division of a company that is focused on activities relating to employees. These activities normally including recruiting and hiring of new employees, orientation and training of current employees, employee benefits, and retention (BusinessDictionary.com, 2010) Human resource is the most difficult work in all departments but it is the most important and necessary for the organization. The whole department is made to maintain the proper place for the human within the organization. It is very important in the tourism and hospitality industry. So, the person who work in human recourse is called a human resource (HR) manager, he/ she should be very equal to the task. Staffing is the main and hard job for the HR manager. Human resource manager should be well educated and may have knowledge about the how to handle the problem when recruiting and hiring of new employee. And he/she have to be able to handle a crisis in a smooth and discreet manner. If in the hotel, there is a proper human resource management (HRM), the hotel will run smoothly and can achieve its goal. There are several different areas in HRM is very important they are as follows, When recruiting and hiring the new employee the human resource manager should be very careful when choosing the new staff for the hotel. The manager should choose the person who is very smart, dedicated to work and suitable for the job. Employee progression and promotion is another large issue for the hotel industry. For the progress and promotion the employee should be well trained in some skills. The manager should provide the personal skill training for the advanced position. Providing training and orientation to the new employee how to work in the organisation and orientation of the hotel is to provide the knowledge to the new employee by showing them the hotel as a whole. 1.2 DEFINITION OF TEAMWORK AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/teamwork.html The process of working collaboratively with a group of people, in order to achieve a goal. Teamwork is often a crucial part of a business, as it is often necessary for colleagues to work well together, trying their best in any circumstance. Teamwork means that people will try to corporate, using their individual skills and providing constructive feedback, despite any personal conflict between individuals. A majority of a people organized to achieve a common goal is called team. Without the team no work can be done or can be success. The cooperative effort of a team is called teamwork. It plays a vital role in hospitality industry without the effective teamwork no work can be success. Teamwork means a majority of people using the individual skills and cooperative effort to achieve a common goal of the business. To maintain standard, quality and the good service of the hospitality business there should be the teamwork. Sometime, the individual shouldnt able to make a decision towards the problem which arises in the hospitality industry such as the decreasing rate of the share of the industry that time, if they create a meeting of the shareholder and try to control the decreasing rate of the share by discussing in the favour of the industry. They can implement the problem with the help of the team member and find out the problem where is the crucial point they have to focus. In this way they can solve there problem by teamwork.So, Teamwork is the very important in the hospitality industry. 2. THE STRUCTURE OF TEAMS IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY (May Lilly, 2005) A team structure is a design in which an organization is made up of teams, and each team works towards a common goal. In the Tourism and Hospitality industry, the organisation designs the team structure to achieve the common goal. And the goal is to provide a good service to the customer, make them satisfied. For this, there should be well design team structure which helps team to perform effectively. Since, the organization is made up of groups to perform the functions of the company, teams must perform well because they are held accountable for their performance. To, be a successful, program team must coordinate its activities and interdependent deliveries, effectively communicate what is being accomplished as well as roadblocks, and collectively solve problems and make decisions that support the program objectives. (Beverly Amer, 2009) For this, there are many types of teams in an organization. The easiest way to classify teams is in the term of created as part of the organizations formal structure and those created to increase employee participation. Vertical team structure,: A vertical team sometimes called a functional team, has a manager and subordinate workers from the same department in the companys hierarchy who works together to accomplish everyday work tasks. The member is in charge and directs the workers as they complete their tasks. This type of team has a much longer life because the work is not single-goal oriented. Horizontal team structure: A horizontal team has members from roughly the same level within an organization. Virtual team structure: A virtual team is one whose members rarely, if ever, meet in person to work on team tasks.Instead, technology makes it possible for members to be geographically distant yet work as if everyone was in the same room. All the above mentioned three types of team structure helps to maintain the relationship between the team member .It helps to organize the company in right way to run smoothly and helps to achieve the goal. In the hospitality business, it is the most important things to minimise the problem, which arise without the good team structure. If there is the team structure, every team member knows what their job is and how to accomplish the work tasks. Team structure managed the working system of the company. In tourism and hospitality industry customers are the main priority. If they are satisfied the company will run smoothly and make a profit. Therefore, to run the Tourism and hospitality industry smoothly there should be the well managed team structure. 3. THE PURPOSE OF TEAMS IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY The hospitality business main motive is to achieve the goal of the business and to satisfy the customers. There should be the well team structure for the well manage working environment in the business. The purpose of creating teams is to provide the framework that will increase the ability of employees to participate in planning, problem solving and decision making to better serve customers. (About.com, 2010) Purpose is a vital ingredient of a successful team. It gives the team direction and offers each member a sense of value and commitment. In the hospitality industry the purpose of creating teams is to provide the framework which helps to increase the ability of employee. Purpose of teams in tourism and hospitality industry is as follows, Better understanding of decisions It helps employee increasing the participation in better understanding of decisions. Team of the hospitality industry have to make a decision when implementing the problem which arises in the hospitality industry. They should have to make the right decision to solve the problem. Creating team is to provide a teamwork That increases the ability of employee to more support and participation in implementation plans to better serve to customers. Increase competition to problem solving and decision making It creates the competition and increase the better performance of team member on problem serving and for the correct decision towards the tasks. More ownership of decisions, processes ,and changes Improving the more ownership nature while making the decision, processing the tasks and creating the changes while needed within the tasks. Above mentioned point is the purpose of team an organization. In the hospitality industry al the purpose of teams are same as above mentioned. Purpose of teams create a better performance of employee in planning, decision making and implement the tasks of the industry to better serve customers. 4. THE FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TEAM IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY (Takanomi Ltd, 2010) At first it is very necessary to understand the factors that impact the performance of the team when improving teams effectiveness. Then after the team member can determine when and what team development is needed. To function effectively they must manage how they interact with the rest of the organisation. In Richard Beckhard (optimising Team Building efforts, Journal of contemporary Business, summer 1972) states that for teams to be effective they must manage four areas internal to the team: goal, roles, processes and relationships.Futher research has identified a fifth factor impacting performance: how the team manages its interaction with the organisational environment. Within these factors is a hierarchy with some factors affecting all of the others. These all five factors become the focus of the manager who wants to raise team performance, because teams that effectively manage these areas function more effectively than teams that do not. The five factors that influence the effectiveness of team are as follows, Goal is the main thing which the team have to accomplish. To be effective team, they have to aware about the goal and have to manage it. There should be the clear definition of the goal, understand and communicated with all other members. There should be amount of ownership of team goals. The extent to which goals are shared and which are conflict. If the goals are unclear or not communicate, it affects the team and the goals should not be achievable. Roles define who does what on the team. There are several questions like as, What they or other members have to do to accomplish the task? What is their responsibility towards the tasks and what is the limitation of authority? These questions should be in the members mind when accomplishing the task. There should be the discussion between new and old team member for defining the roles and responsibilities. Difference expections may occur conflict among team members when two or more team members working together. Work Processes is the way how members work together. Once the team members know about the goal and the roles, they must determine how they will work together. In the several working method they have to consider like as, when making decision all the team members have to participate. There should be the knowledge about to whom, by what method, when and how frequently they communicate each other. When organizing the meeting -what is the team trying to accomplish? There should be the leaders to take a decision towards the situation. If the meetings are poorly attended by the team member and the decision making is dominated by one or two people and take action without informing among member, it should be ineffectiveness team. Relationship is the quality how to interact among the team members. When working as a team member there should be the good working relationship between the team members. Sometimes there should be the conflict arise of the bad personality. That time manager has to take action to solve the conflict. If there is the feeling of competitive between the team member and the personality conflicts will harm to the team and create a partition in the team. Environmental Influences is the factor which effects the organization and the outside on team performance. The policies and procedures and systems within an organization can either support or hinder a teams effectiveness. Such as giving the reward system individually not to the all team memners.Because of this the member doesnt effort to accomplish the task effectively. In the Tourism and hospitality industry all the 5 factors are Goal, Roles, Work Processes, Relationship and Environmental influences influence the effectiveness of teams. PART 2: TEAMWORK AT ORIENTAL BUFFET 5. INTRODUCTION Oriental Buffet is known as variety of food in one place. With more than 50 dishes available, there should be something to suit every taste. There are Indian and Thai curries alongside traditional Chinese food, as well as range of Singaporean and Malaysian food, including crispy duck, prawns and mussels which are available in the evenings. Amber gurung is the owner of the oriental buffet and there is no share holder of the restaurant. It is located at 18-20 Rendezvous street, Folkestone, Kent, CT20 1RW which is in the central of town. It is a very successful buffet restaurant and more then five years, it has built an enviable reputation among its loyal customers. [Oriental Buffet, 2010] Oriental Buffet, [2010] says the teamwork in the restaurant helps to provide the good service to the customer which increases the restaurant sells. Here, staffs from different country works, thats how it is called the industry of multicultural. All the staffs are well trained by the restaurant so as to reduce the conflict among the people or staffs. Here the members are working as teamwork. They support and help each other while working together. 5.1 ROLES AND RESPONSOBILITIES OF TEAM IN ORIENTAL BUFFET Teamwork is very important in any organization for its good operation. The relationship between the staff member should be good. If one staff is over loaded when restaurant is busy and the other help him to provide the fast and good service to the customer. Oriental buffet is serve the variety food of different countries to the customer .To provide the good service and quality food to the customer there should be effective teamwork. Otherwise the customers unsatisfied and it does create loss in business. In the Oriental buffet, there are classifications of staff member such as, Manager, Assistant Manager, bar staffs, kitchen staffs, floor staffs. They all work in a team and try to implement the problem by discussion and making the right decision when needed. Roles of the team member play a vital role to create an effective teamwork. In the Oriental buffet the relationship among the staff member is very nice. So, for the effective teamwork the team member have to familiar with their roles and responsibilities. Each and every member role is effective in the buffet. Some of the roles of team member are as follows, Listen to the manager and supervisor and stay open to their ideas. Assist the team leader with managing meetings and with discussions. Communicate effectively with colleagues. Dedicated to the work and share the knowledge to implement the problem arise Roles and responsibilities are related each other. A role comes first and then responsibility take placed. Every staff has their particular role in the company and their responsibility as well. The manager of buffet manages the whole working process and assist as a leader. In the buffet, the manager role is to supervise the working process of every staff in their own field and his/ her responsibility is to manage the working process of staffs. Manager has to examine in every field such as bar section, kitchen section and floor section. His responsibility is handling the problem, which arise within the restaurant, look after the working process of the staffs (the work is done by the staff or not).If any customer complain about the service of the restaurant he/she have to solve the problem in a descent way. When providing the good service to the customer, every staff should have to play their effective role and responsibility in their filed. In the buffet, the entire staff member work in a team and they focus on the providing the quality food and good service to the customer. All the staffs work as a team to effective performance of the restaurant. So, all staff has their role and responsibility in their field within the restaurant. 5.2 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES AND THE TEAM OBJECTIVES (Nick Heap, 2004) Objectives are the specific goal that the team will accomplish in a fixed amount of time. These objectives flow the teams purpose. Each one moves you toward your vision. It supports the teams vision and purpose and the company or Department objectives. Team objectives are the specific goal that the team will accomplish in a fixed amount of time. It is the basis of the teams planned work. To perform the work effectively and accomplish the goal of the company at the time frame, the team objective should be there. Team objectives are very important because it provide the basis for talent and resource planning. Every work can be done properly when there are plans for the work done. The team objectives are the specific goal and the team member role and responsibility is to achieve the goal by effective performance and in a fixed amount of time. So, the relationship between the team objectives and its role and responsibility is very important in an organization. Team objectives support the teams vision and purpose and they are the basis of the teams planned work. If the employee gets the starting point for their objectives set as part of the performance management process, they can easily implement their tasks and can success to achieve the goal. In the Oriental buffet, the team objectives is to make the customer happy and satisfied and run the business smoothly and to make the profit.Therefore,the staffs work in a team by helping each other to work effectively and perform well. Making the profit by selling the food of the buffet and satisfied the customers. Oriental buffet serve the quality food and good service to the customer in affordable price. Every customer visit the restaurant because buffet provide the variety of food and good service .For the providing the good service all staffs has to know their role and responsibilities and team objectives. 5.3 IDENTIFY LINES OF AUTHORITY AND EXPLAIN THEIR PURPOSE (WordPress.com, 2008) Line authority is the most fundamental authority within an organization, reflects existing superior- subordinate relationships. It consists of the right to make decisions and to give order concerning the production, sales or finance related behaviour of subordinates. Line authority is a power to give advice, support and service to line departments. Staff manager dont command others. Line manager are responsible for attaining the organizations goals as efficiently as possible. Line authority flows down the chain of commands. Line authority is the right to carry out assignments and exact performance from other individuals. For example, line authority gives a production supervisor the right to direct an employee to operate a particular machine, and it gives the vice president of finance the right to request a certain report from a department head. Therefore, line authority gives an individual a certain degree of power relating to the performance of an organizational task. (Advameg, Inc, 2010) Line authority is the authority that allows managers to direct others and to make decisions on the organization operations. In the buffet ,line authority is a power to give the authority to the head chef to direct the kitchen staff to prepare the quality food and it gives the authority to floor head to direct the employee whether the customer are happy or satisfy with their service style of the floor staffs or not. If there is any problem related their field, they have the authority about the taking the decision in related field. Line of authority purpose is to help the staff in the process of achieving the goal of the restaurant. It helps the team member to be an effective teamwork. 6. CONCLUSION Part 1: Human resource is managing the people who worked in an organisation as an employee and human resource management helps to run the Tourism and Hospitality industry smoothly and can achieve its goal. Team is a majority of people organized to achieve a common goal. Teamwork is a group of people work together to accomplish the goal. If there is a teamwork any kind of difficult work can done by the discussion and the individual idea of the team members. Team structure determines the work of the team member in the entire departments. It is design for the better performance of the team member. There are many types of team structure such as vertical, horizontal and virtual team structure. The purpose of creating team is to provide a framework and increase the ability of employees to participate in planning, problem solving and decision making to better serve customers. There are some factors which influence the effectiveness of team they are goal, roles, work processes, relationship and environmental influence. Part 2: Oriental buffet is a successful buffet restaurant because there is teamwork. Teamwork is very important in any organization fir its good operation. Roles and responsibilities are related each other. Each team member knows their roles and responsibilities which create a better performance to achieve the goal. Team objectives should be clear to the team member and the team objectives are the specific goal which they have to accomplish by performing effectively working in teamwork. Team objectives can achieve if there is the correct role and responsibility of team member. Line of authority is a power to give advice, support and service to line departments and its purpose is to help the staff in the process of achieving the goal of the restaurant. If there is teamwork and the team member knows their roles and responsibilities and the team objectives the team member perform better to achieve the goal and the goal is to make the customer satified.If the customers are satisfied they visit t he restaurant regularly and the restaurant can make the profit.

The Importance Of Bioequivalence

The Importance Of Bioequivalence Bioequivalence is defined as the absence of a significant difference in the rate extent to which the active ingredient or active moiety in pharmaceutical equivalent or pharmaceutical alternative become available at the site of drug action when administered at the same molar dose under similar conditions in an appropriately designed study (Huixiao et al., 2009). The importance of bioequivalence studies is increasing due to the large growth of the production and consumption of generic product (Vetchà ½ et al., 2007). Bioequivalence also assess the relative bioavailability of two drug products thus focuses on comparative drug product performance (Mei-Ling et al., 2001). The rationale of bioequivalence study is the monitoring of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters after the administration of tested drugs (Vetchà ½ et al., 2007). A standard pharmacokinetic study is the conventional method for evaluating the pharmacokinetics of a drug in human subjects. Deferiprone (DFP, Ferriproxà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢, Kelferà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢, L1, CP20) was synthetic hydroxypyridinone iron chelator isolated from legume Mimosa paduca (Clarke and Martell 1992) to be taken orally, and bind iron in conditions of iron overload (Kontoghiorghes, G.J, 1985). Iron was essential to all species and there was no physiologic excretory pathway for this essential element (Andrews, 1999). In conditions of primary iron overload (eg, hemochromatosis) or secondary iron overload (eg, transfusion-dependant thalassemia), accumulation of this potentially toxic element results in massive iron accumulation and lead to generation of toxic free radical damage (Rund and Rachmilewitz 2005). DFP was used in the treatment of Thalassemia Major and was also used worldwide to treat cancer, leukemia, hemodialysis and other diseases like detoxification metals, such as aluminum in hemodialysis patients (Paschalidis et al., 1999; Di-Ji et al., 2004). Deferiprone was the worlds first and only or ally active iron chelating drug, which was effective and inexpensive to synthesize thus increasing the prospects of making it available to most thalassemia patients in third world countries who are not currently receiving any form of chelation therapy (Kontoghiorghes et al., 2004). DFP is a bidentate chelator and has a two pka of 3.6 and 9.9 (Hider and Liu 2003) with strong iron binding properties of pFe3+ 19.6 and pFe2+ 5.6 thus binding it in 3:1 complex indicating a high degree of relative specificity for trivalent iron (Clarke and Martell 1992; Tam et al 2003). It was a water soluble compound with partition coefficient of 0.11 and has a molecular weight of 139 Da which made them move freely through cell membranes of the body. DFP absorbed rapidly and completely after oral administration. . Deferiprone appears in plasma within 5 to 10 minutes of ingestion and Peak plasma levels achieved within 1 hour after administration. Food reduces the rate of absorption but not the extent of absorption thus reducing the peak concentration with Cmax of about 100 µmol/L in fasting state and about 85 µmol/L (Matsui et al 1991; Al-Refaie et al 1995a). Deferiprone is metabolized to the inactive glucuronide that is the predominant form recovered in the urine (James et al., 2001). The drug was eliminated rapidly with a half-life of about 2 hours due to hepatic biotransformation. It was metabolized by glucuronidation and about 90% of the drug excreted in urine as glucuronide. Half-life was shorter in healthy subjects of about 1.3 hours than that of thalassemia subjects having 2.3 hours (Stobie et al 1993). Most frequently occurring side effects are transient gastrointestinal symptoms (GI) such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain (Cohen et al 2003). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate bioequivalence of new tablet formulation of Deferiprone with Ferriprox ® (Apotex, Canada). MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials Two drug products of deferiprone 500 mg tablet were used for invivo bioequivalence study. One was the test product (Test) manufactured locally and another was the Reference or innovators products. Deferiprone standard was supplied by Assistant Drug Controller, Ministry of Health, Islamabad. Acetonitrile and methanol HPLC grade were purchased from MERCK. Study products The test formulations were Ferrinil 500 mg tablet Batch Noà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. , expiry à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, and the reference product Ferriprox ® 500 mg tablet Batch Noà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ expiryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Apotex INC., Canada). Human subjects The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of BeSt Center, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. Twelve healthy Pakistani male volunteers aged between 18-55 years were included in the study. All volunteers were in good health confirmed by physical and clinical laboratory examination including serology, hematology and biochemical test. All volunteers were abstained from other drug intake and alcoholic preparations three weeks prior to and throughout the study. Those volunteers who had chronic smoking history, alcoholic intake and caffeine intake were excluded. Study design The study carried out was randomized, two-treatment, two-period, two-sequence, single dose crossover study with two weeks wash-out period. Each volunteer was in fasted state approximately 10 hours prior to the study. Each volunteer received a single dose of 1000 mg deferiprone with 240 ml of water. Blood samples were collected immediately before and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 12 hours after drug intake. A standardized lunch is consumed after blood sampling at 4 hours. The plasma were separated by centrifugation and stored at -80 °C. ANALYTICAL METHOD The analytical method was modified by the method of Goddard et al.1990 using validated HPL method DATA ANALYSIS The pharmacokinetic parameters of both test and reference drug were compared and was determined by taking Cmax and Tmax directly from the individual concentration versus time data. Elimination rate constant was determined from log-linear least squared regression of the terminal part of the plasma concentration versus time curve. Half-life was estimated from equation 0.693/Kel. The area under the concentration versus time curve was calculated by linear trapezoidal rule. The comparison of generic product of deferiprone 500 mg with innovators product was assessed using relevant pharmacokinetic parameters, Cmax, Tmax, AUC (0-t) and AUC (0-à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¾) and was transformed to logarithmic scale before statistical analysis. The difference of the mean corresponding log Cmax, log AUC(0-t) and log AUC(0-à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¾) between the two products will be determined by 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for a crossover design at the significant level of ÃŽÂ ± = 0.05. The 90% confidence interval (CI) (two-one sided test) for the differences of the mean log Cmax, log AUC(0-t) and log AUC(0-à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¾) between the two products were calculated. The two products are considered to be bioequivalent when 90% CI of the differences of all parameters were within WHO accepted range of 80%-125%.

Whats At Stake In The 2000 Presidential Election :: essays research papers

This is perhaps the most important election of our time. Looking at it pragmatically, we only have two viable choices: Bush or Gore. As someone who is apparently concerned about environmental issues, abortion issues, and economic issues the choice between the two should be obvious -al gore In addition a simple fact is Nader will not be elected president in November gore in effect a vote for Nader is a vote for Bush. Gore may offer him a cabinet position to drop out of the race. As for the U.S. Supreme Court, consider this: The U.S. Senate confirms Supreme Court nominees. The Republican Party will control the U.S. Senate. The DNC and the RNC alike have stated they are sure on the control of the Senate [AP 04/02]. George W. Bush is on record as stating that his two FAVORITE U.S. Supreme Court justices are Antonin Scalia and Clarence Thomas, the most ultra- conservative justices on the bench. During there terms some very important cases will be up for review such as Roe vs. Wade [Vote 5-4] and the Miranda rights case. Gov Bush will appoint conservative justices (he says he will not conduct a litmus test to determine if they are pro life, he does not need to conduct a limits test to determine their pro life! He knows what a complete conservative believes in; he is just saying this so afterward he can just claim ignorance and say I didn't know) for those of you who don't believe Bush would do this Bush has signed at-least 18 anti-choice provisions into law since he has been Governor of Texas. In an interview in August 1999, Bush agreed with the claim that he was the most anti-abortion governor in the United States. "I rest their case. I’m pro-life," Bush said. Bush’s record was enough to earn the endorsement of National Right to Life. [National Abortion and Reproductive Rights Action League, "NARAL Fact Sheet," 7/22/99; CNN, Evans, Novak, Hunt & Shields, 8/14/99; Boston Globe, 2/9/00] A woman's right to choose will not be the only issue at stake into he supreme court. I believe that a court controlled by the right wing will also have a good chance of ruling that some of our environmental protection laws are unconstitutional. Do you think that Bush will feel compelled to pick moderate judges as his U.S. Supreme Court nominees with a friendly, Republican-controlled Senate waiting to do his bidding?

Robert Frosts Directive Essay example -- Robert Frost Directive Essay

Robert Frost's "Directive" The speaker of "Directive" is the Robert Frost we know well. He gives us a scene that he has looked at in a way no one else does and seen things that no one else sees. The ghost town "made simple by the loss of detail" (2-3) is dazzlingly rich. If, as Frost habitually does, we were to conjure up a fully-fleshed intent behind this simple condition, perhaps we would guess that a scene of scraped land and "forty cellar holes" is more than enough grist for Frost's mill, and anything else would call for poetic fireworks that would overshadow his theme. This poem is an insightful allegory on the Grail symbol, made strange by Frost's characteristic subversive and introverted nature. Frost offers to be our guide, but warns us that he is a guide "who only has at heart your getting lost"(9). It is as direct an admission as you could ask for, although he usually offers others nearly as unmistakable. For example, in "The Wood-Pile," after announcing that he is "so foolish as to think he knew what" a small bird thinks, he goes on to guess at both the bird's moti... Robert Frost's Directive Essay example -- Robert Frost Directive Essay Robert Frost's "Directive" The speaker of "Directive" is the Robert Frost we know well. He gives us a scene that he has looked at in a way no one else does and seen things that no one else sees. The ghost town "made simple by the loss of detail" (2-3) is dazzlingly rich. If, as Frost habitually does, we were to conjure up a fully-fleshed intent behind this simple condition, perhaps we would guess that a scene of scraped land and "forty cellar holes" is more than enough grist for Frost's mill, and anything else would call for poetic fireworks that would overshadow his theme. This poem is an insightful allegory on the Grail symbol, made strange by Frost's characteristic subversive and introverted nature. Frost offers to be our guide, but warns us that he is a guide "who only has at heart your getting lost"(9). It is as direct an admission as you could ask for, although he usually offers others nearly as unmistakable. For example, in "The Wood-Pile," after announcing that he is "so foolish as to think he knew what" a small bird thinks, he goes on to guess at both the bird's moti...

This house would make the student pay

I strongly disagree in making university students pay for their tuition fees as I feel that education should come as a right and not have to come at a price. We all know that if there were no fees for university everybody who has the required grades for the specific university would have the chance to attend as often high achieving students miss out on the opportunity of university as they had come from a less – privileged family and this is unfair, but also it is discrimination to those from poorer backgrounds. As a result only those that are privileged and can afford the education can send their children to university. Student loans are offered as an option to help pay tuition fees but they tend to do more harm than good as there are unforeseen consequences. Tori Siler dropped out of Purdue University in 1999 after borrowing the maximum amount of federal student loans in America, about $46,000. Today, the single mother of two boys earns $32,000 a year as an administrative assistant, while her unpaid student-loan debt has ballooned to more than $100,000. Her lender wants her to repay $650 a month — one-quarter of her gross income — for the next 35 years. By the time Siler made the last payment, she would be 78. Hundreds of thousands of student borrowers are discovering what Siler has learned: that student loans are increasingly difficult to escape, regardless of the burden repayment might be. Unfortunately many students are having no option as universities tragically withdraw the person from their course due to the inability to pay for their courses which hinders their learning. Loans start being paid off when the student has a secure job which earns a minimum of fifteen thousand pounds and takes at least three years to pay back with interest added on from day one of payment. Therefore a large proportion of students are leaving university with a substantial amount debt. It is hard to agree with the fact that if there were no tuition fees with grants made available then more people will feel inclined to apply for university. Therefore these people would make something out of their lives. Graduates benefit the society as a whole but if fewer people graduate there are less people to fill spaces for specialty jobs e.g. doctors and lawyers as they are not as they will not have the sufficient knowledge and skills for the jobs. The UK is currently below average on how many young people are attending university as several other countries are sending more than sixty percent of young people in their population to university. Finland and Scotland are two perfect examples of countries in which people do not pay university are doing very well. The evidence of this is Edinburgh in Scotland has the most graduates in the entire world and their students are not paying fees! Surely that already shows how university fees are putting the country behind? It can be argued that independence and experience are gained and it prepares them for the future lives as they will have to be paying for those themselves, but in most circumstances parents end up paying so how is it in any way giving them or even offering any independence. The loans students have when they have graduated from university cause them to begin their lives after education in debt and there is no guarantee that they will even be able to pay it off for a very long time. It might be the in the priority of the government to put schools and hospitals first with taxpayers money as they only have a certain amount to pay for but services, hospitals and police but education as a whole should not have to come at a price as it is not a privilege but a basic right. As countries are becoming more developed they need a more highly – trained and skilled workforce. From one point of view it can be seen that the system is fair to students from different backgrounds as the fees are only paid back when a certain salary threshold is reached so someone who fails to benefit from their education doesn't apply for it, but I can easily make it clear that tuition fees discriminate those from poorer backgrounds who are less able to get into debt because even if they choose to go to university, students who happen to have rich parents are a great advantage compared to those who have to pay off the fees themselves. We need to cancel all debt for those leaving university. At the moment it would be persuasively argued that too many people are applying to university (around thirty five percent of all students). So obtaining a degree is simply not worthwhile for some people given their future employment plans; the time could be spent more wisely and constructively in actual work because nowadays universities are feeling pressurised to take as many people as possible as they are funded per student but it is not always in the students best interest as many choose to skip lectures, but what sort of government presumes to decide on behalf of the public what career they should follow? Everyone should have a free choice in deciding whether they want a degree or not, the argument of those opposing me is purely elitism, which is not right in a society like this. Those statistics just conceal the true problem without solving what is needed to be solved. It is like trying to ignore a river by building a dam. The water, like the problems, will just build and build†¦ This country is more developed and is still moving forward therefore more skilled graduates are needed. My own mother who left university nine years ago to her surprise saw that in her last bank statement money for her student loan had been removed from her account and this is happening to an increasing number of people as years go by. It has become more evident that many more people as years go by will be living off benefits and digging the country into a deeper hole. This is because more problems may arise such as crime as many people are becoming idle. The money the government doesn't want to pay on university will just be spent on jails and other problems to arise from this poor decision. It is up to you – lose: and you will be inevitably leaving university with debt to pay off or win: and won't be discouraged from university as you will not have student loans and extra debt to pay off.

Chapter Review Questions

There are several different meanings to Web server. There is e-mail server. E-mail server handles incoming and outgoing e-mail and manages e-mail activity. Another type of Web server Is database server. The server computer on which database management software runs is database server. The computer in which a company runs its accounting and inventory software is called transaction server. These are all different types of computer hardware and software that may be found In electronic commerce operations.Our company utilizes each different Web server names mentioned above. If the company computers are down we contact our IT Department so they can analyze what part of the server has failed. 6. The difference between client-level and server-level e-mail filtering is basically one Is managed on an Individual users' computer and one Is managed on a mall server of a company and/or an individual's computer. Spam can get through one filter but be trapped by another filter even though both cli ent-level and server-level are utilized. Both filtering systems Identify black lists and white lists. Which are common basic content-filtering techniques.A black list spam filter can be implemented at the individual, organization, or ISP level. Some companies review a black list, such as Spam and Open Relay Blocking System to Identify spammed. However. The black list spammed change their e-mail servers, making it difficult for businesses to keep up. The white list spam filter is examined by From addresses and compares them too list of known sender addresses. This filter Is usually applied at the Individual user level. The drawback of using this filer is that sometimes it will not recognize an address ND will reject the email or place in a separate folder to review at a later time.Our company utilizes both client-level and server-level e-mail filtering to protect proprietary information. Exercise 1. ALEX – Phonologic Exchange is a company that supports Apache Web server softwa re. The company will provide technical support and has a support team that will provide: Research and Recommendations, Configure and usage, and Troubleshooting and bugs. Phonologic gives you one number to call for all your support needs. The company will automatically give you 2417 product support hotlist and developer support. You can customize the services you need with Penology.The company allows for you to customize your support needs by offering different packages: Silver, Gold & Platinum. The company will give you support whether the problem originated or as a result of complex Interactions between software. As well the company has front line support experts on Apache Web Server to answer questions and pinpoint the source of the problem. ALEX also offers Apache toy 2 to assist you. IBM Support for Apache Greenroom is another company that offers support. IBM offers expert technical support from the Apache Software Foundation.The companies key benefits include: Multiple Support Options, You can choose from entry or enhanced support, Direct Leakage to the Apache community, thus ensuring that IBM will contribute all bug fixes and ensure new features are added, and offer value-added products. The IBM site lists the system requirements should you choose to use their product. If you choose to purchase the entry level support the cost is $1,090 for 12 months of support. The IBM site is very basic and doesn't give a great deal of product information for Apache. However, the site does cross sell other products and services that IBM offers.

Substitution and Income Effects of the Working Tax Credit on Labour Supply

Labour essay: Having considered the implications for the WTC, we can now analyse the effects of the policy on labour supply by determining the substitution and income effects. It’s clear that the effect of the working tax credit on work behaviour depends upon how much a worker is currently working. To analyse these effects we will only look at one type of individual; a lone parent in the labour force. This will simplify our analysis such that we can divide the diagram below into 3 sections and describe the effects separately. draw:frame} Figure 1: Diagram showing how the imposition of the WTC affects the individuals labour supply decision When the lone parent is either not working at all, or working less than 16 hours (Labelled A in the diagram), her current wage rate and therefore income is unaffected by the WTC. This is simply because they have not yet received any tax credit and therefore have no added incentives to work. However, if they work over16 hours, the programme wi ll raise their overall take home wage as they receive a lump sum payment, shown by the first vertical blue line. Therefore, at this low level of work, there is a very small, or 0, income effect, and a positive substitution effect, thus increasing the individual’s labour supply. These effects are the same as would be under an increase in the wage rate, shown diagrammatically in Figure 2. {draw:frame} Figure 2: Diagram showing the effects of a wage increase The movement around the original indifference curve from A to C is the substitution effect; this arises due the change in price of leisure relative to hours of work, holding utility as constant. As the wage rate has increased the opportunity cost of leisure opposed to work has risen. The substitution effect encourages the worker to decrease his hours of leisure. The movement from C to B donates the income effect illustrating the workers response to an increase in real income. Overall, the substitution effect dominates the income effect and therefore increases labour supply from L1 to L2. There is also the possibility that the income effect may overpower the substitution effect resulting in a decrease in the supply of labour. However, this depends on the position of the indifference curves, hence the worker’s preferences for work and leisure. On the other hand, it is unlikely at this low wage rate for the worker to choose leisure over the opportunity to earn a higher wage. Section ‘C’ of our WTC diagram shows the area at which an individual works more than 30 hours. The worker’s net income is now higher at this point, however the worker’s marginal wage is lower which is demonstrated by the gradient of the WTC line being shallower than gradient of the No WTC line. The Substitution and Income effects here are the same as would be with a decrease in wage. Both the Income and substitution effects work together to reduce the amount of labour; shown in Figure 3: {draw:frame} Figure 3: Diagram showing the effects of a wage decrease The substitution effect is shown by the movement around the old indifference curve, from A to C. The income effect is shown by the movement from A to B. Although the substitution effect is stronger, both effects work together to reduce the hours of work from L1 to L3. Lastly, section ‘B’ represents the area at which an individual works between 16 and 30 hours. Here, the effects of the WTC on labour supply are much more complex. Despite the gradient of the WTC line being the same as section C, this time there is the possibility of increasing work to above 30 hours and receiving the additional payment. This therefore results in lone parents bunching around the 16 and 30 hour marks in order to gain the greatest benefit from the WTC payment. Some will therefore substitute leisure for work and work longer hours to gain the additional bonus at 30 hours, whilst others will choose to forgo work for leisure and be content with the benefit of working over 16 hours.

How does a government budget deficit affect the economy Essay

Identify two periods in recent history in which the United States has run budget deficits. What were the reasons for the deficits during those time periods? A government budget deficit occurs when the governments expenses exceeds its revenues. Because of this spending the government has to find alternatives to finance this added expense through borrowing. A government deficit in the long-run can reduce savings, growth, and income. In the short-run if the economy is performing below its output potential deficits are good because it increases expenditures moving output closer to potential. Two periods in recent history when the U. S. was running on a deficit were 2000-2008 and 2008-present. Within the two time periods the country went to war adding roughly $1. 1 trillion to the national debt we also had a significant tax cut that also added to the debt by $2 trillion. There also was a recession that caused the unemployment rates to go up increasing the government spending to cover unemployment insurance. The financial crisis of 2007-2008 was also played an important part in deficits. During this time there was a threat of collapse of large financial institutions and decline in the stock market Dow Jones lost 33. 8% of its value in 2008. The housing and auto industries suffered many companies that relied heavily on credit also suffered. Banks simply stopped trusting people to pay them back so they stopped making loans that most businesses needed to regulate their cash flows. Unfortunately this recession was not only felt in the U. S. but it also had a damaging affect too many foreign countries.

Are standards really necessary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Are standards really necessary - Essay Example The tasks in making the financial statement are becoming more and more complicated because of the changes in the disclosure and regulatory requirements. According to the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) (2009), the interest on such regulation has given much attention because of the impact of the financial crisis, issues of accuracy and the increasing number of business and stakeholders today. If the increase of regulatory requirement is a meaningful improvement, then understanding on some of its aspects should be enumerated to see if the regulations have contributed to the problems, and whether companies and financial institutions could have acted more responsibly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus this paper will give focus on whether standards are really necessary in the preparation of financial statements. It will also consider the question if the governing regulations are too much to be implemented. And lastly, whether the company is using the improved or the traditional way, the advantage and disadvantages will be tackled. The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) has drawn up and published a new set of accounting standards called the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) which are now applied globally (Weets, n.d., p. 1). According to the International Accounting Standards Board (2007, p. 28), IFRS is developed by an open public observation that involves accountants and different financial statement users around the world. IFRS development and interpretations are all through an international due process. Authorities are establishing this heavy-handed and more complex approach because of the recent failures of regulation. Many countries including the 9,000 public companies in European Union, Middle East, Russia, China, Japan and Australia believe that this new regulation is the appropriate solution

You could put any title you want Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

You could put any title you want - Essay Example In the process, it permeates into six dimensions of a nation, namely, politics, culture, technology, finance and trade, national security, and ecology; eventually leading to disappearance of boundaries between these dimensions between different nations (Wells, 2004; p.181). As globalization is a process that has been occurring all over the world, different meanings and definitions have been created based on how people in different regions of the world relate to the changes it brings. In a holistic view, globalization’s reach and spread can be seen in all the six dimensions described by Friedman; however, its intensity, effect, and time vary in different regions of the world. For instance, impact of globalization is seen to be greater on the leading capitalist nations. The process has primarily impacted industrial, financial, economic, political, judicial, ecological, health-related and sociocultural aspects of nations of the world. In addition to these, its secondary effect can be seen in the form of inward and/or outward shift of skill set, knowledge base, talent and craftsmanship through continuous movement of human capital, mostly from developing and underdeveloped nations to the developed nations. Movement of many production and service industries during the last 2 to 3 decades has been in the opposite direction, i.e., from developed nations to others. The primary and secondary impacts are interrelated with each other. Considering impact of globalization on industries, researchers have attributed this to the rise of capitalist nations post Civil War (Sherman, 2005). Emerging corporations brought greater financial capital, economies of scale, and improved technology that gradually increased competition in the market. In order to sustain competitiveness, industries had to sort for means of profit maximization; this need resulted in further

Compare between Saudi Arabia and the United States in the concept of Research Paper

Compare between Saudi Arabia and the United States in the concept of the implementation of the provisions of arbitrators - Research Paper Example There are many reasons why parties opt to have their disagreements determined through arbitration, especially when it comes to international matters (Roy 921). Such reasons comprise of the need to avoid the local practices related to lawsuits in national courts, need to obtain a faster, as well as a more efficient verdict, the relative enforceability of arbitral awards and arbitration agreements as compared to national court judgments and forum selection clauses, the profitable expertise of arbitral tribunals, the parties' sovereignty to select and plan the arbitral procedures, discretion and other merits (Roy 921). While arbitration is guided by the UN International Commercial Arbitration Act of 1985, nations have modified the law to come up with their own arbitration laws (Roy 921). The United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany and Saudi Arabia among others, have their own unique arbitration laws, even though they echo some of the provisions in offered in the UN Internatio nal Commercial Arbitration Act of 1985. Saudi Arabia recently (2012) signed into law their new Arbitration Act and the United States has had a law standing on this subject since 1925 that was amended in 2007. This paper will compare between Saudi Arabia and the United States in the concept of the implementation of provisions by arbitrators. Arbitration in the United States Arbitration, in line with the United States law, is a type of alternative dispute resolution, which is a legal option to lawsuits whereby the groups to a dispute concur to submit their relevant positions to a neutral third party for resolution. In reality, arbitration is mainly utilized as an alternative to judicial hearings, especially when the judicial proceedings are perceived as too expensive, slow or inclined to one party (Auerbach 59). Arbitration, in the United States, is also utilized by societies as an alternate for formal law because they either do not have a formal law or the formal law is too harsh (Mc Laughlin 248). Labor arbitration, in the United States, comes in two forms: interest arbitration, which grants a way for settling disputes on the terms to be incorporated in a fresh contract when the groups are not capable of agreeing, along with injustice arbitration, which grants a way for settling disputes over the application and interpretation of a collective bargaining treaty (McLaughlin 248). Provisions to the agreements are not implementable at common law, but once the groups have actually forward a pending disagreement to an arbitrator or an arbitration tribunal, the team’s judgment is typically implementable. The logic for this was that the influence of the arbitrator arose exclusively from the joint consent of the groups to his authority (McLaughlin 249). However, by the moment a disagreement reached the level where one group opted to take it to an arbitrator or an arbitration tribunal, the other normally opted to take the matter to court instead. Therefore, devoid of any the consent of both groups to the arbitrator’s jurisdiction, he/she does not have the power to settle the case (Auerbach 59). Arbitration in the Saudi Arabia Following the heels of the recent reform of the arbitration law in Saudi Arabia, a new law came into effect on the March of 2012 (Cueto 1).

Bus Alice EEOC Board Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bus Alice EEOC Board - Essay Example The incident brought to a question whether the argument of making women separate themselves from men would work in the Park City Restaurant following the report of Ruby Tuesday of gross revenue of $1.25billion in the year 2013. Tighe observed this odd case and asked employers to avoid bringing the decision related to gender matters that is being applied by BFOQ. According to the author, the issue of gender discrimination is seen as uncouth barbaric behavior that should not be entertained in any society. He termed the act of gender discrimination as a ‘’Red Flag’’ (Allen Web). Allen gives reference using the press released by the EEOC’s San Francisco Regional Attorney William R. Tamayo, which talks negatively about cases related gender like that released by Ruby Tuesday’s about a job advertisement (Allen Web). Gender discrimination is a warning saga to most employers. Seattle Field Office Director by the name Nancy Sienko said that the company could have addressed any privacy concern that may come by providing separate accommodation entities for both male and females working in Park City. I am of the opinion that gender discrimination brings hatred amongst members of the society simply because others will see themselves better than others. All were against gender discrimination led by Ruby Tuesday. The Author went further not responding to a call for a comment about the incident that is now pending U.S. District Court after the District of Oregon attempts failed to meet the initial litigation through the EEOC conciliation process. The body i s now seeking financial damages on behalf of Herrera and

Lewis Nordan's Wolf Whistle account of the Till Murder Essay

Lewis Nordan's Wolf Whistle account of the Till Murder - Essay Example He claims that his "racial identification with the murderers" troubled him and that he felt "by race and geography [...] somehow implicated." He adds, "[M]aybe I believed that as a white guy who knew the [murderers] and never spoke out against the injustice, or even asked a question about it at the dinner table, it was simply not my story to tell". Eventually he realized that he could use his fiction to explore his feeling of implication and the society in which he feels so implicated. In Wolf Whistle, he has written what he calls "the white trash version of the Emmett Till murder": " [...] the story of the people who were on the periphery of this terrible thing, who didn't know what was going on, didn't quite understand their own culpability in the situation". Nordan's project in Wolf Whistle has an affinity with that of Toni Morrison and other social theorists and literary critics who in recent years have begun to turn the gaze of race theory toward the construction of white identity. A brief examination of their contributions to the field may help us to understand better Nordan's novel. In Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination, Morrison describes her project as "an effort to avert the critical gaze from the racial object to the racial subject, from the described and imagined to the describers and imaginers" and to "examine the impact of notions of racial hierarchy, racial exclusion, and racial vulnerability on nonblacks who held, resisted, explored, or altered those notions". Morrison proposes not to treat whiteness in American literature as natural and self-sustaining but rather as something "sycophantic", constructed, contingent on an Africanist presence. She hopes to refute the conventional wisdom that "because American literature has been clearly the preserve of white male views, genius, and power, those views, genius, and power are without relationship to and removed from the overwhelming presence of black people in the United States". Many other literary critics have taken up Morrison's cause and have reexamined the American literary canon with a different gaze. Jerry Phillips discusses how "certain literary texts illuminate the pedagogy of whiteness, the way one learns to experience oneself as a member of the 'white race'" and goes on to discuss a few of the "countless ways in which United States literary works aided in the naturalization of whiteness". Phillips argues that "we critics should commit ourselves to illuminating issues of contingency, historicity, and arbitrariness" in the construction of whiteness. Rebecca Aanerud calls for "the development of a critical reading practice that foregrounds the construction and representation of whiteness and will challenge the way in which many texts by white United States authors are complicit with the discourses of white supremacy". She further argues that "Whiteness, like race in general, cannot be understood simply as a natural phenomenon [...]. The recognition of whiteness as not a set fact--that is, having white skin--but instead as a product whose meaning and status must be sustained by a process of reproduction along pre-established lines is crucial to an interruption of whiteness as the status quo". Phillips and Aanerud also lay the burden of deconstructing and decentering whiteness at the feet of literary

Managing change - case study analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managing change - case study analysis - Essay Example This essay stresses that according to Lewin's model, the restraining force is the management hierarchy which delays the decision-making process. The management thought that the situation will change as there will be â€Å"ups and down† in every industry.But the price decline continued for a long period. Sensing the deterioration of the company profitability and assets the management has opened for the thought of revamping the administrative structure to suit the current requirements and decrease the decision making process time. The driving force was the change in the management thought that the decision making authority should vest with few to enhance the decision-making rate. As the change was forced the CEO with a team of seven others formed an apex committee to speed up the decision-making process. The management team has focused on the identified need to deal with a possible long-term decline in commodity prices, set the achievable goal of simplifying the management struc ture to foster accountability and communication. In conclusion, communication is the key to implement the ideologies of the management. There should be a smooth and distinctive flow of information right from the managers to the ground staff down the line who form the core of the employee group. The discrepancy in the information will elevate the decisions in the other way and could change the trajectory of the desired results. The right form of information will guide the person to the desired output.